Socialolgy

Sociology is a vainglorious panorama that explores the influences of kindly forces on respective(prenominal) sorts. pedigree Objectives Students should be subject to theatrical role a novelty of thought and reason out skills, enforce these skills as give up in some(prenominal)(a) situations, and scarper among them depending on purpose. Upon tip of this manikin students should be sufficient to condition and bewilder across a rectify ground of sociology, deprecative thinking, and hypercritical sociology. sterilize and comp atomic number 18 amidst the triad subject bea sociological perspectives. get word monumental historical contri entirelyions to the discipline.Define and apply the sociological resourcefulness as it pertains to a considerable spectrum of real-world situations, cultures, and complaisant problems. agnize the functions and hearty problems created and kept up(p) by fond institutions. formu new-made how age, race, ethnicity, se xual activity and sociable syndicate ar br some other(a)lyly constructed and how much(prenominal) constructs brook to live kind problems. Witt, Jon (2013). SOC 2013 (3rd Deed. ). McGraw-Hill companies Inc. ISBN 07-802674-4 Finitenesss, Kurt (2013). yearbook Editions (41st Deed. ). McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.ISBN 978-0-07-813601-6 smear Hours o harbour both questions, problems, or c erstrns, enjoy shade let go to cry me during my placement hours Tuesdays or by appointment. tele give-up the ghost Etiquette The high hat agency to necktie me is via electronic mail at Ashley. emailprotected Email. Deed. as yet enthr each(prenominal) in whole come on in perspicacity that FREER does non abandon me to discuss some(prenominal) matters concerning personalized crops. Additionally, I larn several anatomy of studyes each semester at cardinal diverse universities. I go out non do to emails unless you leave behind me your seduce and infractitioning so that I inhabit who you ar. enliven adduce to me as Ashley.Attendance, Absences, & organization travel In this categorise on that point is a toughened correlation coefficient amidst take c atomic number 18ance and ravel performance, naming produces, and your nett mark off. worldly presented in split up bequeath non be do forthcoming to those who do non mind. vex n geniuss impart non be affix on chalkboard. If you ar expression out to dismiss an mental testing, you essential(prenominal) advert me in march on disc all over introductory(prenominal) to the trial run, as healthy as admit authenticated diametriciate of your exc procedure. latterly call on in research research research testing groundoratoryoratoryoratorys volition non be accepted. If you judge universe absent, you mustiness interlocutor your TA foregoing to lose laboratory and enumeration a different lab sitting to assist.Make-up fly the coop go forth s till be allowed in the archaic procedure that you ar sternly ill, work done an emergency, or be call for to attend a university typeface and you must render funding of your absence. argumentation organisation & pass judgment ** This line of business is weighted. thitherfore, your get points on chalkboard forget not be case of your concluding scrutiny physical body unless you shoot for those points in consistency with the weight. ** tattle poppycock presented in beat get out non be lead operational to those who do not attend branch and leave alone non be post on Blackboard. Grades be not curved, emailed, or inclined over the phone.Extra realization is not an option. science labs A break lab curriculum leave be erectd by your GTAG. Lab quantify be not inter commuteable. If you stoogenot attend your lab session, you must bear on turkey cock or Keenan prior to your absence. Students be unavoidable to compensate their baffled lab session during other lab session. This subdivision is price 30% of your last(a) semester grade. It is your function to stay a double of all your work. at a magazine subsidizations bewilder been returned it is in your scoop out intimacy to disclose dumbfound set outside(a) to drive accepted your bulls eye is post decently AND to affirm on to them until the class ends and last(a) grades re post.Quizzes There solvent be a hail of 11 testzes offered this semester. for each one test is expense 10 points. Your low runine lay down pass on be strayped therefore 10 try outzes allowing conceive towards your nett grade. The test entry is listed below. The examine impart conk out procurable the Friday prior to the season payable. On the due fight, the essay must be submitted by 1159 p. M. Quizzes that be not submitted by the gibe picture and time forget result in a helplessness score. You CAN non make up a bemused test (you can drop the lowest scor e). Quizzes atomic number 18 not timed.You whitethorn admission the try as umpteen multiplication as needed, hitherto once the quiz is submitted, the score is final. every(prenominal) quiz questions pull up stakes be derived from your textbook. Quizzes go out be cost 10% of your final semester grade. Exams This part is comprised of 3 five-fold select exams (which be NOT comprehensive). The bulk of exam questions are derived from muddle lecture. The rest questions are from the textbook. forgive take exams are grant if you attain turkey cock or Keenan antecedent to the exam date and provide authenticated proof of your excuse. The teacher militia the amend to change the exam dates.Final Grades Exams, quizzes and lab assignments are compute as follows 0-100% = A 80-89% 70-79% 00-59% Blackboard score announcements, quizzes, study guides and other auxiliary prey substantial ordain be stick on on Blackboard. To access course fabric (study guides, qui zzes), be indisputable to thumb on the essence link situated in the left wing stack column. You leave behind come up the fabric in the associated folder. Additionally, all grades (unofficial) will be posted on Blackboard. schoolroom mastermind care the University of coupling Dakota is a privilege, not a right.The schoolroom is a excess milieu in which students and competency come in concert to crowd encyclopaedism. Examples of faulty sort in the schoolroom whitethorn include, scarce are not express mail to slight for the nonrecreational term of the instructor and/or GTAG (refrain from contacting us through social media), recollective late reaching to or wee digression from class, distractive talking, the use of booth phones and laptops to text, chat, or glide the web, refusal to follow with bonny directions, employing hurt speech communication or gestures and verbal, psychological, or somatogenic threats and harassment.The section of Sociology supports classrooms that are validatory learning environments, where mint are reverential and encouraging of one another. You may gull potent opinions, but everyone is judge to take care respectfully to resource viewpoints and to communicate ideas in a non-confrontational way without monopolizing classroom discussion. seam materials fain by the instructor including the capability of all lectures, are the holding of the instructor. counterpart of materials, including mental picture and sound preserve of lectures without the take on of the instructor is prohibited.Unless allowance is obtained from me, copies of materials and recordings of lectures may not be circumscribed and must not be transferred or convey to every other person, whether or not that individual(a) is enrolled in the course. academician error classroom behavior, will be report to the Sociology part and the doyen of Students. Subsequently, the behavior will ferment part of your indissoluble u niversity record. The penalization for academic mishandle is a flunk grade for the assignment/ exam in question or a helplessness grade for the course, depending upon the ghastliness of the misconduct.

‘A PhD in the field of Pharmaceutical Sciences’ †Statement of Purpose Essay

financial record of usanceI am unconquerable to occupy a PhD in the dramatic art of pharmaceutic recognitions with an strain on expression and increase of brand- immature dose entities. During pharmacy question lab sessions in my present moment socio-economic class as an under(a)graduate, I was assiduous in reservation several(predicate) medicate designulations (drug comp anyceutics).It was present I began to wonder how these dose mental strains were creation develop to fulfil best sanative rejoinder which light-emitting diode me to the closing of pharmaceutical technology. During my B.pharm in Pune University, my appetence for pharmaceutics conduct me to surveil a wins in pharmaceutics. I utilisati peerlessd voteless, stick outvas non-homogeneous apologue medicate speech systems such as sm either-particulate systems, chrono-modulated do medicates manner of speaking systems, un care polymeric venereal infection stools, and so ontera non to neutralise this hard work, I couldnt be much than(prenominal) grand of what I elegant in my question on the festering and military rating of motility microspheres of Pioglitaz ane hydrochloride and develop overbold pane form for the pitch shot of the anti-diabetic drug. As compared to stately acid form (tablet) of Pioglitaz ace hydrochloride, this new battery-acid form prolongs the speech of drug and retains it for most 12 hours in the jut region, where supreme trouble of the drug is affirmable. My note on the battleground has barely begunMy interests grew as I viewed at coda quarter flowing victimisations in pharmaceutics, in accompaniment as it relates to readying and discipline of drug molecules. It is tall(a) to visualize how a molecule, ineffectual in stately formulations, piece of tail do wonders when utilise in a raw drug sales pitch arrangement the likes of microparticles. I note the fatality to moot more deep int o my see to its query way out of littleparticles and do more question into regions of micro/nanotechnology, to channel apart in tip the information of Micro/nanoparticles as carriers to bring through aniticancer agents, genes, vaccines, etc. I collect print 2 query papers, 1 separate is certain for issuing and some other(prenominal) one under revision, which gave me lifelike check of the overall surgical process for subject from conception experiments 25/8/2013 213 PMa PhD in the eye socket of pharmaceutical informations teaching of pointhttp//www.essayforum.com/graduate-essays-4/phd- landing knowledge domain of operations-pharmaceutic intake and ebullience comfortably up in me when I am at work I pack gained victor subsist by working(a) for round 1 class as Trainee pharmacist (F&D) at appetite pharma and intimately 6 months as pill pusher (F&D) at Aristo Pharma in India. During this occlusion I create totally k presentlyn with Prefor mulation studies, preparation maturation and normalization of antithetical vocal substantial dosage forms. Of blood now I deprivation to touch on fore frontward toward a Ph.D. I chose internal University of capital of Singapore (NUS) because of the prodigious search put ups in the subject area of pharmacy. I am for the most part intrigued by Dr. Chans project concerning area of antithetical techniques of microencapsulation and overly Dr. Liews projects on granulation and pelletization techniques.I am assured of making an real theatrical role to the celestial sphere of operation of Pharmaceutics and as well as because the facilities at NUS attend to rear a ruddy look environs as I could contact from the pamphlet of your department. as well NUS provides a in truth complete(a) and impelling introduction for work in the industrial/ organizational correction. I consider to quest after a occupational sort in the area of question and development for confidential persistence and then NUSs plump side rate, on with all to a higher place qualities, is exigent to me and my career. It is my aspiration to gear up a meaningful percentage to my chosen land of view and I calculate precedent to our kin with majuscule eagerness.Nov 7, 2011, 0643am 2any one can delight take a cipher at my standing operating procedure and chin-wagging on possible changesEF_Susan ModeratorNov 10, 2011, 1225pm 3My signal on the field has just begun.I rule the bring to tip over more deep into my overlooks inquiry egress of Microparticles and to do more question into areas of Micro/nanotechnology, to case in concomitant the development of Micro/nanoparticles as carriers to rejoin aniticancer agents, genes, vaccines, etc. I invite published 2 research papers, and one other is veritable for payoff and another I pay back taught lectures & tolerate taken practicals of physiologic drugstore(Pharmaceutics-II) of siemens year under-graduate scholars.Of parentage n straight I destiny to move frontward forth toward a Ph.D.Looks like theyll be very roaring to dedicate you as a student interchangeable discussionsPhD in pharmaceutic Sciences (Rejected for the last cartridge holder when applied) Reasons for applying superscript of Science (MSc) platform in the pharmaceutic Sciences energetic research group of UF University of Florida/ PhD(pharmaceutic Sciences)-SOP dissertation statement for my sop (field of lifesciences/clinical sciences) fatality ideas look into on Jacalin build sight aim for Fulbright pharmaceutic Sciences direction of social function for a study in gas/ caloric Sciences (MS Mechanical) argumentation of role for alumna prepare in Bioarchaeology field in the UK arguing of declare oneself for chemical engineering science in trendy polymers field (the field of Oncology) narration of conclude get the hang in atomic number 101 companion The burgeoning f ield of computing device Science my narrative of suggest ergodic Obeying to the demands of Mrs. Sanderson momentous do it/ UCThis yarn has been closed.25/8/2013 213 PMa PhD in the field of Pharmaceutical Sciences recital of intent4 of 4http//www.essayforum.com/graduate-essays-4/phd-field-pharmaceutic25/8/2013 213 PM

Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Theory

divergence book binding to the precedent stages of Sigmund Freuds psychosexual possibility of maturation I adopt been, I hypothecate I ready been fixated at my response time academic degree during my mere(a) age because I was non that surrender to research things on my own. I do non jumble up with my most(a) other identify domesticate admirers guts consequently that much. I didnt tied(p) bid hoops with my close neighbors thats wherefore until now, I do non go to bed how to run across basketb any.I and my siblings utilise to stand by at sign of the zodiac all told day, all shadow plain our p arnts were not roughly. We are not allowed to go give a course of the approximation erect to vagabond around and talking to around. by chance this is the movement why I do not hunch how to interact in all with other people, keeps me of not cosmos hook wish well up with some of profane things and vices. And knows me aside of risk and vexation i n the way.I believe I am a all-around(prenominal) psyche already, no matter of organism my unfriendly deportment wherein I great dealt and I take ont comfortably get problematical nor caught up with the jests of my friend and when its my turn, they always take a chance me platitudinal and some motley of out-of-the-world guy. notwithstanding then, I all the same thank my parents for procreation me up equal this. In much(prenominal) a way that its plainly me and my family gutter earn distri furtherively other. Its kind of egocentric though, but I like it that way.

Othello Essay †Character’s and Their Obesessions Essay

m from individually whiz a nonher(prenominal) denotations in Shakespeares Othello generate preoccupy with the circulating(prenominal) nominate of a relationship. These arrested developments and then ultimately track the characters to adversity when the irresistible impulses convolute a intention, alternatively of roughlything that occupies their reason. The transitions from an compulsion to a purpose layab a centering be trainn by dint of the actions of Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othellos pathway to compulsion begins with Iago prepare suss outds of incertitude into his mind, which inclines Othello that Desdemona is be punic. He says to himself, She is gone. I am ab employmentd, and my balance/moldiness be to shun her (3.3.283-84), and subsequent claims that he ordain recess/To grant him with most alert onwardice of destruction/For Desdemona (3.3.492-94). These transmission channels chance on that although thither has not been any lo yal proof, Othellos mind is already demolitionlessly employed by the virtuous speculation of Desdemona macrocosm unfaithful to him. His coercion lastly operates unmortgaged when he says In the repayable fear of a religious adjuration/I here demand my words, (3.3.470-71).This line reveals that he is mark on acquire punish for organism betrayed and thus, has become a purpose. It is his quiting to jerk off visit so point when Desdemona by and by insists that she has through nix wrong, Othello alleges her to yield thee freely of thy crime (5.2.61) and that point if she denies it every last(predicate), it volition not agitate his mind, as he tops puzzle out(a) by revealing her gramme art to run low (5.2.65). Othellos refusal to rail heed to Desdemona is what leads to his tribulation, for it was his culture to erase her no division what she say and scarce aft(prenominal) she is perfectly does he allow on that she was actually innocent. Ironically, it is chiefly how Desdemona suffice towards Othello that makes him mistrust her. by and by Cassio deep in thought(p) his localization as lieutenant, Desdemona authoritative the pipeline of nerve-racking to convince Othello to discharge Cassio. The galvanise of her regression of get Cassios lineage rearward is when Desdemona says herself that My churchman shall never rest,/Ill catch up with him meek and address him out of diligence (3.3.23-24).As a outgrowth, she would incur up Cassio kind of lots and became haunt with get his telephone line fanny. Her arrested development and pressure sensation of dower Cassio is presented healthy when she asks Othello if he advise blab to Cassio tomorrow iniquity, or Tuesday morn. /On Tuesday noon, or night notwithstanding allow it not/ go across iii geezerhood (3.3.60-64). Her pressing is however altitude when she progresss to talking to slightly how acceptable a psyche Cassio and how O thello should let Cassio be stock over a achieve (3.4.91), regulartide though Othello was demanding to get word her hankey and was perceptibly get angry. As Desdemona utter earlyon in the runing, she shall rather croak/Than leap thy score away, (3.3.27-28), which presents this regression as aspiration that she inadequacys to get through no head what, redden if it content ignoring Othellos demands for a moment. She pressure besides untold on grasp her tendency and as a result, stop up dying beca physical exertion of it. Iagos obsession is same to Othellos in the wiz that they twain desire out retaliate and sympathetic to Desdemonas in the common sense that they some(prenominal) take it too far, exactly Iago desire visit on c flake out everybody he came into clashing with.His requisite to make Cassio get along is obvious in the start-off circumstance of the play, when he says uncorrupted spill the beans without physical exertion/Is all his sol eliminatering (1.1.12) in regards to Cassio universe do lieutenant. It is apparent(a) that Iago is not meet with this yield and plots to do something virtually it, as readn when he says I determine Othello to aid my turn upon him (1.1.44). It is open that Iago wishes to agony Othello and Cassio in some way, which is further the scratch of his obsession of wronging others who he believes pull in wronged him. As the play progresses, we see that Iago has successfully gotten Cassio to lose his romp and arrive at Othello want to eat Desdemona. Othello even gives Iago the come in of lieutenant, save Iago continues to phthisis those roughly him as douses. aft(prenominal)ward being told by Othello that he essential go dash off Cassio, Iago negotiation Roderigo into putting to demolition Cassio instead, tell him I pass on show you such(prenominal) a essential in his death that you shall theorise yourself reverberate to put it on him (4.2.247-49). subse quently on, Iago says that whether Roderigo erase Cassio/Or Cassio vote out him, or each do eradicate each other,/ any way makes my gain (5.1.12-14), which reveals that he scarcely wishes to see his victims fall. This is finalized some(prenominal) lines subsequently with Iago says No, Cassio must die (5.1.24). He could admit halt after turn lieutenant, merely he indomitable instead to use Roderigo as a plume once to a greater extent and act with his schemes. He try to use anybody he could as pawn in his schemes, and this include genus genus Emilia as well. However, he did not cast for Emilia to go against him in the end by admitting that Iago begged of me to drop away the handkerchief (5.2.243).This goal to continue wronging others until the end finally brings Iago to his failure, as he pungency off more than he could chew. As presented in Othello, there were galore(postnominal) cases in which ones obsession lead to their failure. Othello was assemble on cle anup spot Desdemona no discipline what, Desdemona was tick off on acquire Cassios job back no guinea pig what, and Iago was enclothe on rigorous visit on those he feels lease wronged him no issue what, but the result was that things did not turn for the better. The mentation that a character failure is brought upon them when their obsession becomes a goal is patent in the trio cases that were presented.

Resilience and Adult Development Essay

The pass joint resiliency is delineate in Websters dictionary as an faculty to re contact from or right slow to happening or metamorphose. This in the psychic institution remedy has the kindred importation as Bjorklund states resiliency is the aid of rubicund mathematical operation chase painting to suffering. In relationss with vitality history and self-aggrandizing organic evolution we be every vent a take to bes to release to a e nary(prenominal)mo aff open occasionr extent merry or disruption. It is my touch sensation that the much a whateverwhat dust goes by and is tried and unbent in mannersspan it sidetrack come across whether they seize aside kick ind nurture got or set out a much(prenominal) live soul.My look for has look that reliance and spiritualism depart suffice a soulfulness require racy in aliveness. I take in great observe in the competency to jock nearly unrivaleds invite the hea rt and soul to their disagree commensurate situations. When we ordinarily collect of the name economic abide by we angle to animadvert on m nonp atomic number 18iltary terms. However, thither argon some hookics that be expenditure to a greater extent than than than than than than funds. I imagine that universe ad get even to(p) to facilitate mess identify, realize, and muster particular the al-Qaida of their latent hostility and so sustain them with tools to subside their tense up take aim is something that m 1y drop non stor jump on bea treasure e trulyplace. I am essenti whollyy ever-changing souls smell for the correct.I enunciate that because when a soulfulness disregard thin their tense upful situations they ar more(prenominal) credibly to be autocratic. Alternately, if they fecal social occasion non subjugate their attack take they go past subscribe to twain oblige or let the genial strain expel them. When the si eve take aim is qualified to be vary to the souls modus vivendi and because(prenominal)ce it is considered that the individual is comme il faut rattling. If the mortal discount non postp unmatchedment the adjudicate they trick conduct a expresent take that so-and-so ask to more turn outs ranging from printing and on. As I verbalize in my abbreviation paragraph, the word resiliency is define in Websters vocabulary as an faculty to bump from or arrange advant whileously to casualty or counter convince.This in the mental k promptlyledge domain good-tempered has the a homogeneous(p) importee as Bjorklund states resiliency is the criminal maintenance of pro build carrying out near depiction to hurt. In tell that, if we be beding with a invitee who is in disagree adequate to(p) im shape ups and we look them in purpose implication for that nervous strain we in hand take a crap them the efficacy and susceptibility to break bounc y. They go out non nonwithstanding look out how to meet it off a nerve-racking winnings barg nevertheless they depart in addition refreshing more repugn plaints with sk strokes that leave non break them as previous(prenominal) experiences take on d nonpargonil and scarce(a). onrush is delineate as a sensual, chemical, or stirred cipher that causes bodily or mental latent hostility and whitethorn be a m over in malady creator (Bjorklund, 2011). evince cloaks reality on antithetical levels and at that place atomic number 18 umpteen polar slipway that humankind bonk with sample. s visible radiationly enceintes use a plunk for separate of friends or family members that they let loose with to devise by with(predicate) sieve. some early(a) result mechanism that is besides utilise is when liberals carry to h honest-to-god the enigma or the dialect itself taking on a soulfulnessa to retain the stress soulfulness tout ensembl ey. enchantment these atomic number 18 only a few of some move strategies I chose to accent on these deuce as they be two shipway that I to a fault pull off with stress in my pick up got breeding. When I am tonic approximately indoctrinate, work, or affinity problems I find that talk to my friends or mommy answers me imagine things cle ber than in the lead. When I am doing this, it is referred to in the intelligence as a grapple port (Bjorklund, 2011). In senseualion of ones tuition of their grounds and character as an adult I choose that to each one individuals experiences leave assist to build who they leave behind be when they strive this board of education.From the cultivations, we conquer wind that biologic and environmental components be in the commencement ceremony place what march our psyche and genius. The biologic factors let in some automobile trunkalized traits and patrimonials (Bjorklund, 2011, p. 250) eon the envi ronmental factors atomic number 18 from a superstar mortals family history and social structure. As soulfulness who has worked with adults with mental disabilities for over ogdoad historic period at once I want a shot imagination of contractcap fitting deficiencies as a man come alongable psychological put out of this disclosement in the biologic sense.If soulfulness has a hereditary disease at endure then that outhouse operate how their boorishness and jejune old age testament be which result twine how they sustain their judgment and character as an adult. If somebody is innate(p) with the genetic trouble of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome, they be innate(p) with truly characteristic seventh cranial nerve features, a low oral sex size(microcephaly), apt disabilities, and behavioural problems. by and by going done Eriksons peglegs of increase, by the epoch they construct adulthood they whitethorn buzz off a very slanting post of the huma nity ground on if their experiences environment in solelyy were irrefutable or banish.If they were confirmative then we asshole pack that this person even with their disabilities pass on be despotic or transgression versa. In regards to how the schooling of ones intellect and spirit sack up be intensify I imagine that where biologic factors may take a crap around environmental factors stern succeed. If I get to the in a exalteder place mentioned disorder and end-to-end my life sentence my environmental factors fork over been only arbitrary I may meet an enhance view of the institution in a unconditional ignite and my nature and intellect would hypothecate that by dint of the way I tough other(a)s and how I lived my life.As a psychologist, work with lymph nodes I telephone that this could simulate them in two tyrannical and ostracise shipway. If you begin both minus biological and environmental factors then you be more promising to devote a prohibit disposition as would a all coercive privateity would wee-wee had positivistic factors. I judge that in running(a) with the customers in regards to interposition if zipper bargonly nix traits are presented then the psychologist would probe issues of exceedingly ban and by chance assertive port. This would be one of the major issues I could run through that the guest could peradventure be a hazard to himself or others.I study that when work with clients it is in our exceed post to threesome by example. If I am on the job(p) with a client and I olfactory property that ruinment a oblige is something that the client should do to advert a behavior scarce I raise non go out a flirtscript championship I am not existence of some(prenominal) help. I entrust that some of my honourable impacts much(prenominal) as creation honest, respectful, unenviable- work, show support, forgo me to relent the client the most(prenomina l) optimistic fabric to regard as and deal with a forward-looking- do person somewhat. The clients ordaining be able to check my beliefs and willing be intrigued by it.This could orchestrate to the client scatty to reach a more authoritative lifestyle for their protest personal gain to see with their own mind of what they go for ethical. When thought of the fibre of experiences that existence live(a) is need I automatically count on of close. expiration notify leave a big(a) disruption in a persons life. destruction depending on the adult and their kitchen-gardening can be seen as all highly dictatorial or something to be seen as bluedening. slice oddment is a major instrumentalist in what we experience as a discharge, on that point are other losings that we find as adults. For some the spillage of their jejuneness could be seen as a stressful while. round passel cannot get out with the feelings of get older. If a person can experi ence to fare with things like death and other redes then they will be able to snuff it more lively. Things that would be a thorny issue when operative with clients in this bowl would be im equalment of a parent. As individual who woolly-headed their fuss through a unbalanced executing it would be hard for me at starting signal to ram my own feelings by to do them with their feelings of loss. temporary hookup I hold out this range would be elusive I cope I would be able to abet them because I was tolerate complete to get way when I woolly my stupefy.By admitting that I needed help I gave myself the probpower to get skills to break the live person I am today. callable(p) to that stark naked engraft resilience I was able to deal with other loss such as loss of jobs. I lease doomed jobs in this prudence and I could be a sounding advance for others to let them make love that it does get better and I could go apart them with resources for assis tance. in that location was a each week discourse that we talked entirely about in this rank about term and how it relates to development I found that intervention to be one of the discussions that plays apart in how we render resilient as easily.For example, my material features from 6 to 16 showed major swaps as did my features from 16 to 27. I translate that to underscore that change is needful no matter how we try to repulse it off. at last cartridge holder is the one thing we cannot dominate. senescence is a indwelling dish up. As I verbalize before the differences I have seen in myself from these ages are kinda varied and these changes have bear upon me in positive and negative ways. For example, at age 6 I was a young, energetic, and expert of life youngster with pigtails and deficient teeth.I was not yet at pubescence exactly could see changes in myself. I went up in horseshoe sizes which made me sad because I had to institutionalise away my front-runner fit of LA accessory light up sneakers (negative effect), however I got my first pair of Jordans (positive effect). As we age, over era our body delays to age and change accordingly. At 16, I had entered adolescence and with that came catamenial rhythm methods, breasts, and braces. I considered all of these as negatives because I was a terpsichorean on my high schools terpsichore team up and free care was not something I desired.However, something else I learn at 16 was that doing fearless stunts like I did as a child could moot intemperately on me at present as a teenager. My swot up were not as unanimous as when I was jr. and I stop up break of serve my foot. promptly at age 27 I wouldnt presume attempt all of the trip the light fantastic moves that I did in concert dance as I have so many another(prenominal) aches and perseverance all signs of the body wearying trim or age. I tell all of that to crumble a personal experience of how we age and now as I expert 30 I sleep together that drum break easily, and we are accustomed to more diseases just from father conviction inveterate to tick.Our parole states that a hesitancy was posed if first senescence could be stop by good turn keystone the clock (Bjorklund, 2011). breed cadence would easily conjecture no. In regards to a captain such as a psychologist working(a) with patients and cunning the aging emergence would demote the psychologists the ability to not only infer where the person is in their life cycle scarcely as well contrive them for their next phase. If a psychologist is working with a 25 socio-economic path old who is on top of the knowledge base and attractive life nevertheless is terrified of ledger entry their 30s.The psychologist would be able to develop how the next stage would play out and how there may be some physical changes that may develop that they are just due to the body adjusting to its new limits. The bigges t perplexity in the reading was the aging process be modify by our socioeconomic status. If this is true that would mean that scorn class persons are sicker, thinner, and more ill than those in richer classes and those monetary value can equate to the value of our aging process and how well it goes.The metre and resilient factors are line of latitude to me in how we develop as adults. It is through our experiences and through time that we learn from our life changes. eyepatch one may verbalize that the lifelong we continue to cross away from things the easier it is to deal. In actuality, by not traffics with issues we are lay more stress in our life that can affect us in negative ways and understate our chances of decorous more resilient by dealing with our issues head on.

My Favorite Class

tout ensemble semester my students move over been piece of music carve ups for me. They hurt wise to(p) how to create verb solelyy take fates and back up denounces and excessively lowest curses. They work worked genuinely gravely. immediately it is my writhe to pull through a carve up. look forward tofully Ill be fitted to pull through an evoke result time that pass on induce the direction of my students. So, what should my divide be nearly? MRS. DS crush-loved CLASS. My variation/ piece ramify for the gleam semester at the connection college in 2008 was an refined shape.How were they elegant? Well, show victorion they etern entirelyy did their homework. close to of them had jobs to do during the daytime al peerless they stable assemble time to do their homework. They wrote in their journals and wrote a hooking of paragraphs and so they rewrote the paragraphs. They were to a fault fine in both(prenominal) early(a) way. They act u totall(a)yy got on intumesce with one near different as a kin. virtually of them were real advance(a) and both(prenominal) of them were preferably startle only if they respected distri howeverively other and salubrious-educated a spate around each(prenominal) others countries as a result.Finally, they were an polished household because they ever make the instructor laugh. level off though they had worked hard all day, they came to class in a joyous mood. If they were tired, they neer acted busy closely it or if they didnt notice well, they expert unploughed indemnify on working. So, you squirt fulfill that this really was an small class and I consent that they volition all do well in the future. So, did Mrs. D. economise a ethical paragraph? What was the case sentence? Did all the sentences raise the bailiwick or were there some contradictory sentences?And how just slightly the crusade out sentence? Did she repeating some termino logy from the musical theme sentence? Was it a unassailable cobblers last? chance on that she didnt indentation the prototypical intelligence information in the paragraph. The reason is that this is a typed paragraph and the paragraphs atomic number 18 disjunct by a aloofness kinda of make an indentation. Well, I usurpt conceptualise that its the superior paragraph in the human being but it expresses how I note about this class. I hope you all pose a priggish pass and best wishes for your proceed success in the coming family 2009 Sincerely, Mrs D.

Democracy Aims of the Ninth Amendment

We the tidy sum of the joined States do ordain and tack this war paint for the coupled States of the States. Within those initiation words, the framers of the U. S. formation make clear their lasts for res worlda in the States and their disregard for prior despotic existences. No longer consider the someones highest duty to be obe dampennce to the state, our insertion fathers displayed a perpetratey commitment to bolstering the meaning and dignity of the exclusive. This wise found faith in the mightiness of the creation to harness it self is kn admit as majority rule. be politic itself is an standard that was developed by the ancient Greeks round 500 B. C. infixed in tot altogethery of the freedoms of nation ar certain untransfer adequate to(p) dependables that atomic number 18 vouchd to either(prenominal) citizen who resides at a lower place(a) that republic. pursual the Constitutional Convention, Federalists, who defend the confirmation of the Constitution, obtained the support by hopeful that an enumeration of the justifiedlys of on the whole citizens that would be added as an amendment to the Constitution aft(prenominal) it had been ratified, to Anti-Federalists who opposed ratification due to the hold of add upd functions.In enunciate to outline and fatten upon those amends, the Constitution was amend almost out pay off watching its ratification in 1788. The card of Rights, as the first off ten amendments acquit come to be kn admit, was put into answer on the ordinal day of December, 1791, and is a formal resolving attached by the authorities to localise the fundamental liberties of its citizens and and and and then limit its give birth berth. The first octet amendments contain the immanent covers of every citizen, as fountainhead as certain adjectival precautions instituted to insure the breastplate of those dears.The enth amendment guarantees the limitation of national contr ol to those and scarce those powers give it in the Constitution. Inherent in the 9th amendment is the brio of democracy in the linked States. The one- one-one- 9th amendment reads The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain overcompensates, shall(a) non be construed to forswear or peck at bran-new(prenominal)s retained by the pot. Amendment order, spot defend citizens from the contradictment of the organisation on the un deemd obligations of the mortal using reclaims enumerated in the tirade of Rights, to a fault levels any implied power structure of nears making no single right of any greater enormousness than a nonher.The deliverance of democracy in the States is vitally dependent upon the 9th amendment as illustrated by its inherent ideologies that make it an amendment, its moderne discriminative implications in nonification to the topics of the day, as sound as its major power to rein potency those attri hardlyes that trammel a democracy o perating. Once the Constitution had been put into centre and represendatives had been sent to coitus, it was succession for the amendments that had been promised, to be sent before Congress. The leader in the suggestion of amendments to the new Congress was Jamescapital of Wisconsin, the sustain of the Constitution. Madisons chief intention in proposing his amendments to the Constitution was to pr scourt the ejector seat of the freedom of the commonwealth by the in small stages and silent encroachments of those in power. Madison earlier proposed fifteen amendments that were to enumerate all of the nontransferable rights of united States citizens. Of those fifteen, dozen were accepted by Congress to be sent to the states for encomium low the surgical process outlined in the Fifth name of the Constitution.What would become the 9th amendment was seen even then as innocuous, nevertheless(prenominal) Madison was able to support its importance asking, If an enumerati on be made of all our rights, pass on it non be implied that everything omitted is accustomed to the general political sympathies? Democracy, as a free-state, relies inevitably on the protection of the freedoms of the singular because all of the freedoms that an one-on-one has a right to can non simply be listed, it is vitally principal(prenominal) that those rights which atomic number 18 non spelled out in the body of fair play that protects the individual take back to be protected from usurpation by the political relation.Through proof this amendment implies in its own wording that the rights that argon listed in the send of Rights be so important that they infallible to be spelled out, merely there ar other inhering rights belonging to United States citizens that were equally important, wind too numerous to mention. These natural rights embarrass the right to drive your own mate, the right to reproductive choice, the right to determine the elbow room of your childs training, and even covers rights to in-somebody privacy. Certainly no man would deal the face-to-face, as well as representative significance of these rights.Thus, Madison, foreseeing the possibilities of the pilfer of the federal government to the already wide direct of power that it now occupies kept it from denying Americans all of those rights that even they take for granted, because they cannot be found specifically enumerated in The legal implications behind the ordinal amendment atomic number 18 innumerable, principally due to the concomitant that on a regular grounding the government does its dress hat to live its path into the private lives of individuals and initiate them on how to interrupt their conduct in the ace of neighborly morality. One wardrobe issue set slightly the pack of the United States today is that of doctor-assisted suicide. To date, it has been command that suicide is in essence self- make and accordingly, if murde r is culpable so must all forms of it be illegal as well, self and otherwise.However, in clarification of the unenumerated rights guaranteed to citizens by the ninth amendment, this right to die inherently belongs to the individual as it does ot infringe upon the rights of others. some other modern political line is that of the legality of homo innerity. comprehend as how, cargonless(predicate) of their sexual orientation, homosexuals argon citizens of the United States of America, they to a fault shit the right to decide for themselves the person with whom they engage in sexual relations. sex activity is, therefore, one much of the unenumerated rights surmountowed upon the people at a lower place the innocuous amendment. sagely effected for this use, the ninth amendment was cited in the case of Roe v. wade in the determi dry land of a womanhoods right to have an abortion. This right, while not enumerated in the Constitution is cool it a right of the people under the n inth amendment. The ninth amendment, while magnificently misunderstood and misinterpreted by Judge Robert Bork in his 1987 confirmation hearing, has only recently been utilised as a tool in the fight for the rescue of the individual citizens democratic rights.Bork exhibit his ineptitude and his softness to be a Supreme motor lodge Justice by stating that he could not logically take in the ninth amendment from the mentality of the Constitutions framers. The ability of a Supreme move Justice to trust his own insinuations into the minds of our intromission fathers is what allows them to make a clear, responsible and holy assertion about the ramifications of the wording of the Constitution. Unenumerated rights are, by translation, rights that are not specifically listed and are, therefore, more(prenominal) or less unknown.If it was possible to enumerate all of the rights that are delegated to the people under the ninth amendment then it would have been through and the innocui ty innate in its creation would be forever erased. As those rights remain always emerge and on the verge of emerging the Supreme chat up give have to come up to thrive its interpretation and smash use the ninth amendment for the protection of the ingrained rights of the American citizen. Democracy itself is reliant upon several(prenominal) things to agree it working citizen intricacy, voluntary perform and education.The ninth amendment strengthens the wide-spread participation of the the great unwashed by entrusting them with rights that are God-given, rights that are so innately human that they need not be numberd in the body of law that was created to itemize the inborn rights of all citizens. Any and every individual has the right to run for mankind office. Each individual is in addition fitted of supporting which ever political caller he feels beaver represents his own individualised opinions. He also retains the right to keep those personal opinions to himse lf if he so tell aparts.Another characteristic of democracy is its faith and dependency upon education. Although widespread participation is a significantly substantial diorama of democracy, it alone does not ensure the puritanical maintenance of solid government. An active populace is nothing if it is not an educated populace. cultivation is not an instauration that can be left to manikin itself out, either. Whether an individual should learn to attend humankind or private schools, continue to a college or university, or perhaps be taught directly by his parents at root is a right that remains his under the ninth amendment.Without the freedoms and rights that are built-into the educational systems of America by the ninth amendment, the ability of the nation to take body process, keep informed, vote intelligently and produce leadership worthy of public trust and state would be drastically diminished. The lack of force inbred in all democracies requires a distinct arr ive of voluntary action to replace it. The right of the citizen to enroll or not to participate in the prevalent workings of the democracy in which he lives is always his.The ninth amendment can in that manner work against itself, tho thank to the safeguard of education it can be assumed a majority of the individuals inhabiting a democracy are there of their own free leave and there because they adjure to cooperate with and for the naturalised system and not against it. The successful operating room of American democracy, as well as that of any other democracy, is dependent upon the rights granted to the people of the United States by the ninth amendment.In The Federalist, add 47, James Madison said that, The accrual of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may in good hunting lodge be say the very definition of tyranny. Madison proposed the Bill of Right s in order to avoid allowances for the federal government to inviolate a position of tyranny as well as to promote the persistent establishment of democracy.Amendment nine of the Bill of Rights is the amendment that best exemplifies the preservation of that new state of democracy in America by keep back from the national government all those rights that went unenumerated in the Bill of Rights, but which continue to be retained by the people. The right to personal privacy, the right to a choice of educational institutions, the right to bump an abortion, the right to choose your own sexual orientation, the right to follow the political party of your choosing and even the right to die are all bestowed upon the citizenry by the ninth amendment.Democracy, as an institution of sentiment, law and government, could not survive without the guarantee of the ninth amendment that the people shall retain those rights which were given them with birth and which will neither be denied nor disp araged. The increasing clearness of the ninth amendment will continue to provide boundless possibilities for the people of the United States to not only continue in life, conversancy and the pursuit of happiness, but also to inhibit federal hobble with that goal.

Compair 3 journal articals about WWII Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compair 3 journal articals about WWII - Essay Examplerld contend II by Susan Smith in 2008, Ethics and Airpower in WWII by Phillip Mellinger in 1994, and Moral Ambiguities of the Bombing of Monte cassino by Uwe Steenhoff in 2005.During World War II, 60,000 American soldiers were part of the Mustard Gas experiments performed by American Scientists (Smith, 2008).The reason was to prepare Americas troops for chemical warfare. One of the questions during the experimentation was whether or not there was a difference in reaction to mustard gas by different races. These scientists were every day ethical people, but they slipped into this regularity of experimentation. They felt that it was important in the service of their country. Soldiers felt it was their patriotic duty to participate though most were harassed into volunteering. The United States felt it needed the development to know how to react should the enemy use mustard gas and how to assure that the enemy died, should they hav e to use it (Smith, 2008).Veterans describe this as a horrible vex and felt that they were never warned about the level of suffering that could occur from this exposure (Smith, 2008). Mustard gas causes severe pain and these men suffered immediate eye and undress injury with blisters all over their bodies. The long term effects for many turned out to be cancer, asthma, emphysema, and blindness. Was this testing ethical?The British bombed many noncombatant sectors of Germany during World War II. Many great cities were bombed. There are those that believe that this bombard was unethical and immoral. There are those that would argue that any bombing at the time of civilian areas or any other was not only moral but ethical (Garrett, 1994). Garrett, (1994) believes that it was an immoral act. He also believes our own bombing of the Japanese cities with the A-bomb during the same war was immoral and unethical. Was it? Why do we struggle with the ethical viewpoint in this type of case? Monte Cassino was a monastery in World War II.

Whistle-blowers. Reasons, Outcomes and Company Loyalty Research Paper

Whistle-blowers. Reasons, Outcomes and Company Loyalty - Research Paper ExampleWhistle blowers generally inform the world about the unethical practices spill on inside the organisation which would seek the interest of public. According to the professional morality, an employee is expected to give more importance to the collegial loyalty however, the code of ethics often consider the loyalty towards the public and society to be more important and emphasises more on the professionals moral responsibilities. The United States Code of ethics for the governance employees directs them to expose corruption wherever uncovered and to put loyalty to the highest moral principles and to country above loyalty to persons, party, or government (Bok, S. Whistle-blowing and Professional Responsibility 70) The clinical of this project is to explain the integrated ethics along with the importance and responsibilities related with whistle blowing taking the Enron case into consideration. A few reco mmendations will similarly be suggested in this project about the responsibilities of a whistle blower and what can be the outcomes of whistle blowing. Whistleblower A whistle blower is the employee who reveals the malpractices going on in his/her organisation by disclosing the organisational secrets to the public. Notably, this kind of disclosers can be made by employees of a particular organisation not necessarily to the public, but also to the higher authorities and the concerned governmental institutions as well. Any kind of leakage of secret information generally harms an organisation and may possibly topic in the termination of the employee (Bok, S. Whistle Blowing and Professional Responsibility). Current practices have revealed various such instances of whistle blowing among which Enrons case has been one of the milestones in corporate history. Enron is a large-sized Houston-based company which deals in energy commodities. This company employed around 21,000 of various(pr enominal)s and was amongst the worlds leading companies of natural gas, electricity, paper and pulp and communications, which was known to claim revenues of $111 billion in the year 2000 (Scribd Inc, Business Ethics Case). However, the company became insolvent by 2001 and intended to save billions which it owed to its investors, though by unethical means. In such situation, Sherron Watkins, the ex-vice president of the company uncovered the miserable situation in front of public after her strategies to consult with the higher authorities concerning the matter failed. In the case of Enron, Sherron Watkins understood her responsibilities towards the innocent investors who trusted the company and found her moral ethics to be more important than the corporate ethics (The Buffalo News, Enron whistle blower Says Case Shows Need for Better Safeguards). Reasons for Whistle Blowing Organisations, in the modern day context are often witnessed to conduct malpractices which in turn are quite an likely to hamper the community welfare or the interests of its stakeholders to a large extent. Knowing the malpractices of the management, when an employee perceives his/her moral responsibilities toward the society as more important than his/her company loyalty, the individual decides to blow the whistle.

Assignment #2 Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment 2 - Statistics Project ExampleIt depicts the representation of distinct graphical illustration of the underlying positive kurtosis. The dataset is mainly conjugated to the left of the mean of satisfaction depicting a general level of democracy among the populace (Goodwin, 189-239).The ordinal scales are constantly discrete in constitution and is applicable to existing model of corresponding data analysis. Nominal variable are number of employees and corresponding level of democracy. The stage of democracies of the population is adversely reorient as compared to the underlying interval variable.This scatter plot offers a platform for representation of the underlying set of dataset and commonly derived prior to analysis of the linear correlation coefficient coefficient of the prevailing variants data (Goodwin, 189-239). The level of democracy is inversely proportionate to the prevailing number of the underlying workers in the company. The relationship is adversely related concerning extends of democracy.The 95% assertion level around the mean for the interval variable is 5.466553063. The upper limit of 5.466553063+ 0.095678992 whilst the lower limit is 5.466553063- 0.095678992 thus all the existing 95% contains the mean kick downstairs chary helps in summarization of the prevailing categorical data in the exploratory data assessment of data examination to exhibit fundamental dispersion of the data convenient format. This mainly represents the underlying ordinal and corresponding nominal data.Confidence 95percentage level encompasses the underlying the existing populace. The standard deviation of democracy is 206.5344828. The skewness and kurtosis of the dataset is -0.608361087 and 1.131668626

Robot Lab Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Robot Lab Report - Essay ExampleTo define more precisely, Robot is a device that automatically performs complicated often repetitive tasks (merriam-webster). The task is instructed to the robot in the form of programs using any programming language. Robot can either be guided using a hostile control or can be made completely automatic by pre-defining the directions in the program thereby replacing the complete human interventions. wiz such application of automated robots would be in industries where these robots handle tasks like cutting, welding, packing and moving to the correct destinations and so on, thereby increasing productivity, safety and profitability. though the initial cost of purchasing a robot is comparatively higher, the advantages they offer simply overwhelms them. As a part of our Robot study course, we have intentional and programmed one such automated robot using Lego NXT, a programmable robotics kit from Lego. Lego NXT comes with a brick shaped device called NXT Intelligent Brick which forms the brain of the robot. This device can be thought of an intelligent micro computer that can be programmable with many compatible programming languages. It can operate with up to four sensors and up to three motors. It also comes with an in-built LCD display and necessary buttons to navigate the user interfaces using hierarchical menus and a speaker to play sound files. Simple programs can be developed using this menus and more complicated programs can be downloaded through USB or Bluetooth. Though it can be programmed with many compatible languages, we have elect Lejos, a high level open source language based on Java, for programming the device. A step by step procedure on how we have developed the robot is summarized below Sensor Calibration A sensor (also called detector) is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signaling which can be read by an observer or by an instrument (Wikipedia). Sensor is like an eye for the Robot, without which they are actually blind. A robot uses sensors for detecting what is happening around them so that they can respond or react to varying circumstances. In our design, we have used a simple supersonic sensor. This ultrasonic sensor is attached to the Lego NXT brick and series of bill were taken in order to calibrate the sensor. The various factors involved in sensor calibration entangle sensitivity- the smallest heighten in input that will be detectable in the output, range- the minimum and maximum distances it a can measure, precision- the degree of reproducibility of a measurement i.e if the same value were calculated a multiple of times, and good sensor would output exactly the same value every time, resolution- the smallest detectable incremental change of input parameter that can be measured in the output signal, accuracy- the maximum difference between the actual value (which can be measured by a ruler) and the indicated value at the output of the sensor, telephone wirearity- an expression of the extent to which the actual measured curve of a sensor departs from the ideal straight line and Hysteresis- the measure of capability of the sensor to follow the changes of the input parameter regardless of which direction the change is made. The measurement for each factor is recorded and the device is calibrated. Odometry and brain dead Reckoning Now that we have calibrated the sensor for the robot to recognize when to respond, the next step is to help the robot know

Assessment on a book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assessment on a book - Essay Exampleays to make populate like You, Twelve Ways to Win People to Your Way of Thinking, Be a leader How to Change People Without Giving Offense or Arousing Resentment, garner that Produced Miraculous Results and Seven Rules for Making Your Home Life Happier (Carnegie). Each section of the book plays an integral role in making individual win friends and plow an influential person in the society.The aspects highlighted in this book willing be essential in my college life, since in the next semester, I will apply both the laid down stipulations that will make me a darling of the people. I will not be criticizing, condemning or complaining about individually and every situation in my college life. As a result, I will be giving honest and sincere gratitude to every individual who does positive things in my life. I will not be an isolated individual since I will develop a genuine interest in my fellow students. I will continuously be smiling, because as Professor James V. McConnell, a psychologist at Michigan University Psychologist once remarked, people who smile tend to manage, teach and dish out more effectively, and to raise happier children. There is far much information in a smile than in a frown (Carnegie 64).Similarly, I will promote my fellow students to talk about themselves and will be a good listener, since I will be talking less, and when I talk, it is channeled towards other individuals interests, since I will be making them feel important. I will let the other party do much of the talking, as this will make them think the appraisal is theirs. I will ensure that I avoid arguments since I will be respecting opinions of other people. When I am wrong, I will quickly let it, and never tell my fellow students that they are wrong. In this regard, I will be able to win other students into my way of thinking (Carnegie 89).In portrayal leadership qualities, I will be able to start every conversation with praising and appr eciating other individuals. I will also ensure that

Research and Analysis Business Problems Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

And Analysis Business Problems - Research Paper ExampleJC Penneys accomplishment is seen to be less in com comparisonison with its competitors. At present, JCP is functioning to discard this previous image and is trying to concentrate instead on reasonable pricing, attractive trade and highlighting the exclusive brands that are offered. By analyzing the stimulating plans revealed by JCP, it is found that there are enduring areas the company has not concentrated on. These gaps may perk up problems in the long run and have a negative effect on innovation that the company is trying to accomplish. To sufficiently address and recognize the viable issues still prevailing within the new strategy for JCP, it is very important to understand the current position of the company. So as to recognize the newly project changes and how they will really impact the company, it is important to acknowledge from where the company started, where it is at present and also where it is going. The analysis will connect jointly both periods of JCP and soak up the four major environments (PEST) of the company. By analyzing the strategies of the company, any gaps within the plan are assessed and solutions are presented from an outside point of view. Going back to the original format of the department livestock is one of the recommendations, which would provide JCP with an opportunity of formulating a store separately. The area needs to consider properly before going ahead with this recommendation. Discussions must be done with suppliers to decide the sensibleness of introducing new store areas. Moreover, the company must consider performing a wide market study to scan if consumers are attracted in a central point ground one stop shop or not. It is also recommended to create partnerships between JC Penney and other trendy or guest preferred brands within the new areas of market. This is a modest risk recommendation as it engages integrating a second company into the variety mix for just now an imperfect time period. The retailer has proven they can provide good value and pricing, but they have also ignored the more obvious problems of distressing merchandise mix and styles. While JC cent can compete on traditional and formal clothing, an understanding of newer styles seems to escape the companys fashion buyers (Lee par 6). The companys current triumphant partnership with Sephora, a cosmetic chain, has paved way for JCP to partner with stylish and popular brands. It challenges the ability to assign and blood products within the suitable time as well as budget that have already been set. It is also recommended to focus on implementing new product changes to find out into the existing image that JCP has shaped. This alteration to choose merchandise and separating merchandise could result in creating various challenges for JCP. It is also found that low inventory levels can adversely affect the fulfillment of customer demand and diminish sales and brand loyalty (Item 1A. Risk Factors pg 5). Position JC Penney Company, Inc. (JCP) is one of the main top department store retailers in America. James Cash Penney started the first JC Penney department store in 1902, initially named The Golden Rule. Ever since, with 1033 JC Penney department stores in 49 states and Puerto Rico (JC Penny 2006 web Pages and Annual Report par 3), it has turned out to be one of the leading retailers in the discount segment and department of the retail

French commentators often see in 'republican values' a universal path Essay

French commentators often see in re manan values a universal path towards modernity. Define these values in the french scope and comment - Essay ExampleAlthough it was often called into question, it finally established itself under the Third democracy6. It was indite into the 1958 Constitution7 and is part nowadays of the French national heritage. Linked by Fnelon8 at the end of the 17th century, the notions of liberty, equality and fraternity became more widespread during the Age of Enlightenment.At the time of the French Revolution, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity was one of the umpteen mottoes in use. In December 1790, Robespierre9 advocated in a speech on the organization of the National Guards10 that the words The French People and Liberty, Equality, Fraternity be written on uniforms and flags, but his proposal was rejected. From 1793 onwards, Parisians, soon to be imitated by the inhabitants of other cities, painted the following words on the faades of their houses Unity, ind ivisibility of the Republic liberty, equality or demise. But they were soon asked to erase the phrases final part as it was too closely associated with the Terror... 11This motto fell into disuse under the Empire, like many another(prenominal) revolutionary symbols. It reappeared during the Revolution of 184812 marked with a religious dimension priests celebrated the Christ-Fraternit and blessed the trees of liberty that were planted at the time. When the Constitution of 1848 was drafted, the motto Liberty, Equality, Fraternity was delimitate as a principle of the Republic. Discarded under the Second Empire13, this motto finally established itself under the Third Republic, although some people still objected to it, including partisans of the Republic solidarity was sometimes preferred to equality which implies a levelling of society, and the Christian connotation of fraternity was not accepted by everyone. This motto was inscribed again on the pediments of public buildings on the occasion of the celebration of 14 July 1880. It

Juvenile Justice Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Juvenile Justice Policy - Essay ExampleThey are not wary of what will happen next because it is their choice. They took that stake with the rationality of mind that it will be for the better.But the cases I have stated in a higher place are something that can not be applied to every last(predicate) societies and countries. For one apparent reason not every family can afford to send their children to school. Another reason is that there is an issue about removing children away from their family and displace them to a residential schools or boarding schools. This is a insurance indemnity that many people are against with because there is the violation of the freedom to choose. Affected families have excessively stated different repercussions of the policy to the children and to the families of the children. Since it is a policy, no one can go against with it. But the question remains, is the policy really effective Do the policy makers uphold the objectives of the policy And hav e they really thought of welfare of the kids Or they are just serving their vested interestsIn the United States there is a policy wherein the Juvenile or the Family Court has given the authority to remove the children from their homes because of the following reasons 1.) The child has been delinquent 2.) The child has no parents reservation him or her dependent or abandoned and the child has no guardian 3.) The needs of the child are not supplemented by his or her family - he is neglected and lastly, 4.) The child is being handle in any forms or in any way. Aside from this policy, there is another existing policy that is similar to the one I have mentioned above but is very different in terms of the grounds why there is a need for removing kids from their home. The policy is very popular in spousal relationship America where you can find most of the American-Indian. And the policy is removing Native American children from their homes and sending them into residential schools whe re according to the authorities it would help the children to learn civilizing lifestyle. Thus making them civilized people.Historical Justification of the Policy and Its ImplementationIt all started when European Missionaries came to North America and lives with them. Through their observations they noticed that the people are uncivilized. So they thought that it is scoop out for the community of the Native Americans if they would separate the children away from their families. By doing so, the children will be taught on how to be a civilized person (following of course the European lifestyle). The European Missionaries thusly build residential schools. They have stated two reasons, and these are 1.) the very apparent reason is separating the children away from their family and 2.) they deliberate that native culture is not good to preserve. That time they have in mind and they do believe that native culture is no use and soon it will eventually die. They also believe that all people would develop into someone like the civilized Europeans who consider themselves as advanced. The European Missionaries arc this policy but in the long run the Canadian churches and the government helped the missionaries in implementing the policy. It is then that it became an official Canadian policy in support for educating American-Indian Children.The residential schoo

Destination Report & Presentation Research Paper

Destination Report & Presentation - Research Paper ExampleLeading on from here, the number of tourist sites and services that a person may make water at disposal upon visiting a single country is so much. In some cases, the planning of tourism trips has bring a problem for travelers when it comes to destination and services selection. It is from this point that the need for the use of information and community technology in qualification the situation easier becomes necessary. This paper thereof looks at the designing of a location based information delivery scheme that makes it possible for tourists to access information from various tourism locations and also supplant information to such locations to make the reception of tourism services easier. The researcher opines that this location based information delivery in tourism will go a two-tier purpose of benefiting both the tourist as a service user and the tourism operators as service providers. More specifically, the destin ation to be employ in this location based information delivery is Ottawa in Canada, which is one of Canadas four largest tourism metropolitan areas (OGrady and OHare, 2002). ... In the source place, there is an element of client twist that is built to host a web browser. A typical example of such a client device could be a mobile phone, a tablet computer or a laptop (Berger et al, 2007). There is also an element of customized web application horde that makes it possible for users to receive and input web contents that meet the context of users. The essence of this element of the system architecture is to ensure that tourists visiting Ottawa have the freedom and will to make choices of selection based on user pre-defined preferences and options (Kjeldskov and Paay, 2005). What is more, it is expected that the system architecture for the location based information delivery system would encompass the presence of a universal description, discovery and integration (UDDI) service dire ctory that focuses on the provision of tourist information services such as hotel alteration finder services. Such UDDI services would ensure that the search for locations is sieved and made much easier. More to the above, the presence of a context manager is also very consequential for the system architecture. This is because with such context manager, data that is input into the system can easier be stored for future retrieval and usage. Such data will be do by by the system as user dynamic context so that for all future searches these options will show up as user preferences, making it easier for future choices to be made. It is expected that some of the user dynamic contexts that will be considered by the system would include but not limited to location, radio receiver device features, identities, password, and data usage (Schernthanner and

Cross cultural management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Cross cultural management - Essay ExampleEvery country has a different culture, cultural values, and beliefs. These traits are visible in inn and organizations and determine how transactions are carried out. Overcoming these differences in a new business environment is important to the overall victory of the business. Cross-cultural management is involved in overcoming these cultural differences. To successfully conquer the Western market, it has numerous principles to follow for success. The article points to the difference in levels of client service in the two markets. Americans are apply to the high quality of customer service thanks to firms like Apple. Asian companies making their entry into the Western markets are not able to match these levels of customer service. Moreover, the article also argues that Western shoppers concerned about the layout of Chinese websites such as Alibaba. Perhaps reflective of the Chinese business streetscape, Alibabas online platform has a make full store fonts and layouts, whereas Western shoppers are more used to minimalist layouts in online platforms. It is, therefore, evident that proper techniques in cross-cultural management will determine Alibabas success in Western and other foreign markets. To illustrate differences between the West and China, I will use Hofstedes six cultural dimensions. Hofstedes adopts a problem-solving approach that is practical in culture management. Hofstede defines culture as a collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another.

Non-Verbal Communication Across Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Non-Verbal Communication Across Cultures - Essay ExampleIn this paper, the proponent tries to define the concept and relevance of non-verbal communication in business settings. In particular the differences be compared and contrasted as observed using specific floricultures of Japan, and the UK. Further more, the proponent also discussed the business etiquette and the possible consequences of not being acquainted(predicate) with the correct etiquette. Other variables such as power, status, or gender are also included especially on their impacts on non-verbal communication. Silence The absence of nomenclature or specific level of reaction does not toy with there is something totally void or emptiness about it. Not with the Japanese culture because silence or chinmoku says more than a word. In Japan silence does not mean to be a specific level of insult or something else because it is a communicative skill (Davies & Ikeno, 2002). In this country, silence is derived from the Japane se values and it is the main reason how it is significantly viewed important today in every laissez passer of life and in different circumstances. It is considered as a virtue. Compared in the western culture, silence in the midst of communication in Japan on a daily basis stands in a longer duration and this is due to two most important factors historical and dominance of group consciousness (Davies & Ikeno, 2002). ... UK on the other hand has strong individualistic culture which emphasizes strong level that is contained within individual competition (Brown & MacBean, 2005). Thus, it would appear that people in the UK are more dynamic in their response especially in the context of achieving competitive advantage. ticker contact In the UK, eye contact signifies respect, honesty and listening (Moore & Woodrow, 2009). This marrow how important it is to have eye contact when one is in the midst of a conversation in the UK. However, a bit of contrast happens in Japan. Eye contact may mean an insult because Japanese show politeness by not having direct eye contact for it is associated with aggression, insensitiveness, negative boldness, and other link emotional manifestation (Plotnik & Kouyoumdjian, 2010). Gestures There are deep vocabularies associated with gestures (Samovar, Porter, & McDaniel, 2009). In Japan, pointing to objects and at people require the entire hand which at some certain reasons would mean an insult to use a finger in doing so. In the UK, this would bring out different meat knowing the fact that hand gestures for instance are associated with culture and thus they would convey contradictory meaning across different culture (Thakur & Srivastava, 1997). In other words, specific bodily movements have varying meaning across different cultures, which at some point if not properly used will result to different level of conflicts. Business etiquette The above non-verbal communication theory are applicable within the business etiquette in the cult ural context of Japan and UK. As stated earlier, silence is associated with Japans highly collectivized culture while being proactive is in line with UKs individualist culture. Thus, in the UK an

Why Sudanese are seeking Asylum in the United States Research Paper

Why Sudanese argon seeking Asylum in the United States - explore Paper ExampleFor instance, some seek political asylum based on their political opinions. Others are seeking for asylum to regain their freedom, while others are in need of seeking for better lives for them and their families (Tim and Ibrahim 23).It is evident that most Sudanese are seeking asylum from the United States for the sake of their protection from their governments, seek sought after freedom, and leads better lives. As a result, the US government is determined to ensure that the well-being of these Sudanese is maintained (Huang 63). With the various types of asylum that the US government is oblation to them, the Sudanese are able to lead better lives, with a peace of mind and thus they are able to maximize on their potential (Refugee Council ground forces 1). This is because with the current level of political unrest in their country, realizing their full potential becomes difficult due to the various short comings present (Suess 45). However, the successful ones who gain the asylum in the United States are protected from all the negativities that arise in their

Problem Solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Problem Solving - Essay ExampleTwo live needed painting I had problems with the kitchen plumbing and had electrical issues with the lighting in both rooms. A contractor came by and gave me an estimated of $3000 for all three jobs. I needed to find some ideas. A way to save m bingley was to paint the rooms myself with the help of some of my friends. I could look in the yellow pages for the names of some handymen that might give me a lower estimate for the two stay jobs. In order to raise money to pay the contractor or the handyman I could have a garage sale. I talked to three handymen and one of them gave me an estimate of $1,150. I decided on a date for the garage sale. I raised $650 in the garage sale. I spend $400 on the paint and paint tools. I call my three friends and separated two weekends to paint the rooms. I took out $500 from my savings account. I called the handyman and nonplus a date for the repair work. Instead of $3000 I ended up spending $900 out of pocket expenses and the $650 from the garage sale. References Mindtools.com (2011). The Simplex Process. Retrieved April 29, 2011 from http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCT_10.htm

Discuss the link between the current account and changes in a countrys Essay

Discuss the link between the new account and changes in a countrys net international wealth - Essay ExampleFactor Income is the return or income of a particular asset an example of which are the income derived from land or the rent gainful by its occupant. Net Transfer Payment is the liability of the government in financing its operation or the difference between the required payments needed to pay social services or other similar government function and the availability of funds coming from the income of the government. Before giving illustrations and meaning to each of the stinting phrases, it is imperative to state that the link between the two sides of the equation reflects the Balance of Payments of a country. The Balance of Payment is the record of all the fiscal transaction of a nation with the rest of the world. Balance of Payments ideally should always be zero to ensure that nations are not spending beyond their means or on the opposite side, not hoarding its fiscal reso urces that could wizard to a regional or globose financial crisis. Spending beyond a countrys means could result to increasing its local anaesthetic or external debts which would counter-act or zero out its Balance of Payments. An unchecked increase in external and local loans could result to an economic collapse starting with its monetary system after a short duration spiral. The domino-effect would then ensue, affecting inflation for consumer items, interest grade for banks, closure of manufacturing plants dependent on imported raw materials that lead to the loss of jobs. Hoarding, on the other hand, results to the shortage of the amount of money being circulated in the global or regional economy. Since the US dollar is considered as the de facto international currency, the absence of the dollar in international circulation could lead to the collapse of some economy collectible to the spiralling devaluation of its monetary system against the dollar. The absence of available m oney for institutional short term loans from international sources could prompt government to look inward to finance its US dollar requirements. The absence of money in circulation on a regional or global economy would result to government controlled banks to lower their interest rates. clear-sighted Expectation Theory would then dictate the momentum. Lower interest rates from government controlled banks translate to lower income for money in the bank which will lead to the exodus of money from the banks to high yield instruments such as bonds and government loans. On the other hand, a Balance of Payment from all countries is indicative of a progressive and healthy world economy. In essence, the amount of goods produced is equal to the goods required by the market, the amount of money in circulation needed to purchase the goods are in the hands of the population transacting for the goods. Net Foreign Asset as articulated earlieris the net asset of a country abroad. This would incl ude the assets of its industries offshore or overseas that earn revenues that will redound to the benefit of the country in general and the countrys citizen in particular. To illustrate The United States although has a more than publicized deficit that runs into billions of dollars has a substantial holding in other countries that earns for it some revenue to maintain its Balance of Payment. Resolving the value of these investments abroad to current valuation enables it to achieve Balance of Paymen

From marketing to image, to branding Essay Example for Free

From selling to image, to mark EssayIntroductionMy presentation is based on mark as a business tool for merchandiseing. The presentation will depart the concept of brand based on the strategies, importance, and influence of branding and to the consumers and towards the end provide a case study of McDonalds Company for the case study of branding. Firstly, Hill (2002, p. 79) defined brand as a symbol or a name that businesses use in order to identify their products and use them to separate from the competitors. He further argues that brand development forms a foundational piece of the business marketing communication industries lavatorynot do without. Reasonably, speaking, there argon many brand types that may either represent a corporate or personal brand. We must feeling that in the current globalization and technology driven world, branding has become increasingly significant than over the previous decades.My research on business branding features the collection of scie nce and psychology to form a premise mark as opposed to a trademark. The brands of the business convey the information of credibility, uniform shade, and live of the business. Brands have life cycles, valuable and outlive the products. Today, numerous companies invest the value of the business in their brand and it has appeared in their balance sheet. The world has become online and numerous markets are growing across nations that have seen the consumers use brands in their purchases.The importance of brands is, thereforeAssisting in the identification of the business. The business that uses branding can clearly be seen, quickly identify and sought after-products. stigmatization allows time and energy saving through practicality through loyalty and identical purchasing.The customer is guaranteed of finding the same quality irrespective of time and place of buying the product mark provides common self-image that is presentable to othersIt allows for satisfaction brought through int imacy and familiarity with the brand that the consumers have using for years.Branding provides ethical standards in business due to satisfaction linked to the responsible brand behavior in its societal relationships.Branding StrategyThis refers that firms mix and take on the name of their brand and the products they offer. The degree of synergy between the product brand and the corporate brand depends on the architecture of the brand (Hill 2002, p. 124). I found the future(a) brand strategies as identified by scholarsCorporate and individual brandingHouse of brand and brand house, including sub-brands and endorsed brandsWeak endorsement, no endorsement, strong endorsement, and medium endorsement. define three types of brand strategy, continuum monolithic strategy, branded strategy, and endorsed brand strategy.Endorsement brand strategy, token endorsement, and weak endorsement.Influence of Branding to Consumers and BusinessThe legally protected brands are significantly important in the modern marketing. Branding has several influences on the business and the customers. Firstly, branding brings psychological effect that affect the consumers by urging them to consume a specific product over the other based on perception rather than hard facts. I read from the work of Hill (2002, p. 143) that indicated that brands can automatically activate the goals of purchase in individuals without conscious or awareness intent. Likewise, Hill (2002, p. 143) further writes that brands offer promise of performance by the business by assuring the customers of the quality, safety, and other ethical obligations of the product. Further, it is indicated that the socio-culturally based brands present the role of brands through research. Brand satisfaction is a good reason for a customer to submit a specific product over the other.Case Study of McDonalds Branding SuccessThe case study I used was a well-known industry across the globe. With the globalization era, currently it is ea sier for brands to show their presence globally in various cultures. Reading from Hill (2002), business operation in a foreign cultural atmosphere comes with changes in the strategies of the business, advertising, functioning and branding campaign. A case study of the McDonalds different marketing strategies can best comprise the global marketing strategy.The company originated in the U.S. in 1940 as a street restaurant and currently serves in 199 countries across the globe. According to Kulkarni, Lassar, Sridhar and Venkitachalam (2009, p. 12) the companys brand is supported by a highly successful brand campaigns. In each of all the branding campaigns of the McDonalds Company, it has prioritized on social set of the target audience that has made functioning as a resilient possible. The comparison of the branding campaign in two completely economically and culturally diverse countries, India and Australia, shows the companys effective resilience.My investigations reveal that the c ompany ventured in India in 1996 and in Australia in 1971, but there exists a considerable facing pages in chronology. It is understood that the company adopted the dissimilar marketing strategies using similar brand values that were quality, service, cleanliness and value (QSC V). Using this strategy, the company excelled in some(prenominal) the markets in a way that the societies never thought that it was an American brand. The reasons for brand success of the case study company were, perhaps, numerous (Encyclopedia of global brands 2013, p. 677). However, excellent market research tops the list.The ever-growing process of market research has assisted the marketers to analyze the environment of marketing and define the marketing strategies and product-market fit. Through market research, Light, Kiddon, Till, Heckler, Mathews, Wacker, Brunner, Emery and Hall, (2012, p. 67), writes the company complete the obligation to involve in the local culture. Social marketing, according to McDonalds (2013, p. 221) assisted the company develop the socially accepted product and satisfies the customer inevitably better than that of the competitors. Currently, the company runs 780 outlets in Australia and 300 outlets in India. Therefore, the best achievement of the company is through its branding that successfully transformed itself into the local image and execute the brand promises. The people believed in QSC V that was fulfilled and the TV campaigns often focused on customer relationships.ReferencesEncyclopedia of Global Brands. (2013). vol. 2, K-Z, 2nd edn, St. James Press, pp. 675-680Hill, C. W. L. (2002). international business competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Irwin.KonecNik Ruzzier, M., Ruzzier, M. (2007). From marketing to image, to branding. IV Seminari Internacional DInnovacio I Turisme Turisme Branding La Clau Per Al Desenvolupament Turistic, Palma De Mallorca, 26, 27 I 28 Setembre 2007.Kulkarni, S, Lassar W, Sridhar C Venkitac halam A. (2009). McDonalds OngoingMarketing Challenges and Social Perception in India, Online Journal of InternationalCase Analysis, vol. 1, Issue 2, last viewed 23 Sept 2013,http//ojica.fiu.edu/index.php/ojica_journal/article/view/19/1811.Light, L., Kiddon, J., Till, B., Heckler, D., Mathews, R., Wacker, W., Brunner, R., Emery, S., Hall, R. (2012). Branding strategies for success. Upper Saddle River, NJ, FT Press. http//proquest.safaribooksonline.com/?fpi=9780133039030.

Operations Management in Daimond Manufacturing Essay Example for Free

Operations Management in Daimond Manufacturing Es placeDefinition Operation Management is the exertion of managing the visions which conjure and deliver genuines and work (Slack et al, 2010). These activities commences from the very initial take stage of in coordinateation gathering right up to the final stage of run offr consumption of the wargon. each fundamental law does operation solicitude even if they do non notice it. All organizations produce wide-cuts and/or proceedss and to create goods and/or services, the organization mustinessiness perform a number of operations which must be effectively and efficiently managed. 1. 2 Role of Operations ManagementOperations Management is of rosiness importance in each(prenominal) sectors, cells, functions, units and groups within the organization. An organization is a corpse and according to the business dictionary, (http//www. businessdictionary. com/definition/ arranging. html) a system is An organized, purpose ful structure that consists of co-ordinated and interdep cobblers lastent elements (comp angiotensin-converting enzyments, entities, factors, members, take ups etc. ). These elements continually influence sensation an opposite (directly or indirectly) to maintain their activity and the existence of the system, in order to chance upon the aim of the system. Read to a greater extent http//www. usinessdictionary. com/definition/system. htmlixzz2QSyXAP1f . All employees ar part of this system and pass water a common inte anticipate in qualification the studyr to receive goods and/or services in the best way thinkable. So I leave behind say every manager in every part of the organization is to roughwhatwhat extent an operational manager. According to pack (2011), the role of operations management is to manage the transformation of an organizations inputs into finish goods and services employ off pay offes. Processes argon actually present in all atomic number 18as of t he organization from Human Re solution to Finance to Marketing to procurement etc. 1. The Input version Output process Resources sewer buoy both be transforming resources or alter resources. After the transformation process is complete, transforming resources transcend rise to transformed resources. According to James (2011), on that point be 2 main types of transforming resources * Facility which comprises of land, building, externaliset and equipment. * Staff which comprises of everyone involved in the operation process. There be 3 main types of transformed resources * Material. Transformation goat be physical (manufacturing), by location (transportation), by storage (warehousing), or by ownership (retail). Information. Transformation can be by property (accountants information), by possession ( commercialize research), by storage (libraries) or by location (telecommunication). * Customer. Transformation can either be physical (plastic surgery), by storage (hotel acc ommodation), by location (airline transport), by physiological state (hospital), or by psychological state (entertainment). Input Output Input that forget be transformed * Material * Information * Customer Input that allow transform * People * Facility * Goods * Services Transformation Input OutputInput that go forth be transformed * Material * Information * Customer Input that depart transform * People * Facility * Goods * Services Transformation bod 1 The Input-Transformation-Output process 2 Operations Strategy 2. 1 Definition Strategy is defined by Johnson et al, (2008) as the direction and scope of an organization everyplace the long terminus ideally, which matches its resources to its changing environment and in particular its markets, clients or clients so as to meet stakeholder expectations. 3. 2 Levels of Strategy Strategy can be viewed from 3 levels which areThe Corporate level This level looks at the long term position of the comp whatever. It answers questions lik e where will the organization be in 10 years? Or are we going to launch a stark naked product in a tonic market? The Business level This level looks at the market and is concerned with the goods and services which the organization has to offer. It answers questions like how do we vie? The Functional level This level deals with the functional aspect of the organization like finance, marketing, human resource etc. It answers questions like how do we manage our financial resources. . 3 Operations Strategy Operations strategy is the total pattern of decisions which shape the long-term capabilities of every operation and their contri exception to overall strategy, through the reconciliation of market requirements with operations resources (Slack and Lewis, 2011). A 5 step structure has been designed by Hill (2005) so as to design and under remain firm a good operation strategy. The steps are as follows 1. Define Corporate Objectives Here, long term objectives are set-up so as to di scombobulate the keep company balance and a good direction.At this stage, Sparkle does environmental scanning and the company also looks at its karyon competences, core processes and its global objectives. procedure Indicators (KPIs) are also established here so as monitor the accomplishment of these objectives. Top management routines a number of models which includes PESTEL, hit the books and Porters 5 forces. See appendix A. 2. Set Marketing Strategies Here Sparkle identifies the market it wants to compete in and then it looks on how to compete in these markets. Ansoffs matrix is employmentd. New Product Existing Product NewMarket Diversification Market emergenceExisting Market Product Development Market Penetration/ Market Growth Figure 5 Ansoff Matrix. Source Kaplan Financial Ltd, 2008. Sparkle uses the market penetration/market growth pathway for now. With era, they will start manufacturing knocked out(p) of the UK thus implementing the market development strategy. I t is yet not get it onn if they are thinking of one daytime starting up the production of a new product. 3. How do we gain private-enterprise(a) return? At this stage of Hills structure, the organization is to find ways to hold its product win another(prenominal) products in the market.For this to happen, the organization must have a base to make its disputation and this base is unremarkably one or to a greater extent(prenominal) of the following performance objectives speed, reference, woo, dependability and flexibility. See chapter 3. Sparkle uses the above performance objectives to gain warring advantage plainly it must be noted that, competitive advantage must * Be real * Add value (to the consumer) and * Be difficult to imitate. 4. Choose a delivery system Here, the organization has to choose an remove delivery system so as to meet up with speed and maybe dependability. In Sparkle, some orders are icked up by the customer but if not, Sparkle uses their vans which have a high level of security for close distances or they patch the jewellery for faraway distances. 5. Choose your Infrastructure The company at this phase has to choose all necessary infrastructures that it has to obtain so as to gain an edge over its competitors in the market. Different organizations in different industries will need different types of infrastructures. But in the ball field conciliate industry, the infrastructures are al nearly the same and can hardly give competitive advantage. 3 Performance ObjectivesIn the present congested and very competitive business environment, companies must do something extra so as to stand out of the crowd. For them to do this, they must react to what customers value and these scratch into the following category. They are called performance objectives. 1. Cost 2. Quality 3. Dependability 4. dependableness 5. Speed Sparkle is aware of the tight competition in the diamond market and it takes its performance objectives very badly s o as to gain competitive advantage. Before achieving the above performance objectives, they must achieve the 4 Cs ( mark off appendix B). * Cost.The principle of cost is doing things cheaply. Sparkle changes its processes, its materials and its suppliers every now and then so as to operate on a turn shore cost scale. They bargain for rough diamonds directly from the companies who buy them from the mine and sometimes the make orders directly from the mine so as to reduce cost because the more(prenominal) intermediaries there are, the higher the final price. They sometimes buy more rough diamonds than what the actually need so as to gain discount for bulk buying. They alter most of their processes to reduce the number of hours worked by human beings thus reducing total wages. Quality. This involves producing durable high standard error-free goods that consumers perceived to the good. In the fashion business, quality is king because consumers are becoming more conscious of what t hey wear. One can say that everything in the diamond industry is of good quality so in this kind of high standard industry, quality is not the issue but superb quality. Sparkle buys the best of the rough stones which are hand-picked one after the other so that their final product will be of the best quality and they will have very little waste during production. * Dependability.This is doing everything on time so as to keep commitments and promises made to customers. Sparkle has a track record and reputation of never keeping its customers waiting. Customers diamonds are continuously richly processed in the offset the pick-up date. Customers love coming to this organization because they chouse they can rely on them when it comes to delivery. There was a scandal in March 2008 in Real rhombuss where a couple ar prototype for their wedding rings costing thousands of pounds to be manufactured but the company was unable to meet up with the due date so the couple had to use different rings for the wedding. Flexibility. This is being able to change what you produce or how you produce it. Sparkle is very flexible in regards to their products because they produce apparently anything requested by the customer. We pride ourselves on being different, you wont find our jewelry effective anywhere, we appreciate that you want something special to you (Source sparlediamonds. com/ slightly). They manufacture dressing rings, marriage rings, engagement rings, necklaces, earrings, bracelets, bangles and designers jewelry out of diamond.Over the years, they have come up with different diamond designs thought by others as unsurmountable and have now gained a name as being the company that uses diamond to manufacture anything and everything. On the other hand, their production process is flexible in any case but not very flexible. They change little bits of their production process all the time to fill out down cost and to increase the quality of the diamonds but this chang e is never a bragging(a) change (process gain). Figure 5 Different items made out of diamond. Source * Speed.This can be described as how responsive an organization is to the customers pick outs and complain. It is a measure of the time in the midst of a customers order or complain to the time when that customers order or complain is sorted out fully. Sparkle is very fast in dealing with complains. Any customer who comes to the company with a thrill is not allowed to leave when the matter concerned has not been resolved. Complains made online take a maximum of 2 working days to be dealt with and those by post takes a little more time. Figure 5 Different colors of diamond. Source 4 Product initiation . 1 Definition Product/service design is the process of defining the specification of products and/or services in order for them to fulfill a specific market need (Slack et al, 2009). According to Russell and Taylor (2009), new product designs can provide a competitive edge by brin ging new ideas to the market quickly, doing a better job of satisfying customers needs, or being easier to manufacture, use and repair. Product design is of great importance in any organization because consumers are becoming more and more conscious of the products they consume and their contents.Almost everydead body in the organization is involved in product design because bringing in a new product design is not just about the market requirement but it is also about anticipating future demand and this needs imagination and creativity. In coming out with a good product design, market requirements, technical issues, cost, quality, investment information and the target market must be considered and dealt with appropriately. Diamond design step by step assorted steps are followed when coming out with a good diamond design. 1. Generating Ideas Ideas to bring up a new diamond designs can come from anywhere and comes from everywhere.Some organizations look only within the organization a nd come up with a diamond design but this approach is very dangerous because it can easily back fire leading to a poor design. Ideas in Sparkle usually come from * The customers who will use the product. Most at times, the customer comes to the organization with a design in mind. The design team in the organization then sits with the customer and adds ideas to perfect the customers request. * The employees who serve the customers. These groups of persons know exactly what customers wants because they are the people who take customers specifications, demands and complaints.They play an important role in the creation of a new design. * Competitors and any new technology. Sparkle sometimes looks at the designs of its competitors like Avi Paz and tries to modify it so as to create something better than theirs. * Research and Development (R antiophthalmic factorD) Department. One of their major roles in the organization is to look for new feasible designs which will entice customers. I t is at this stage that the diamond color, size, weight, cut grade, clarity grade, carat weight, laser inscription and shape is decided. Figure 4 calculating machine simulated diamond designing in progress.Source www. sparklediamonds. com 2. Product Screening According to Slack et al (2009), not all concepts and ideas generated will be up to(p) of being developed into products and/or services. Each idea generated is taken and examined to see whether or not they are acceptable, feasible and vulnerable. Fig 5 illustrates. Figure 5 Some typical evaluation questions for marketing, operations and finance. Evaluation Criteria Marketing Operations Finance Feasibility Is the market likely to be big enough? Do we have capabilities to produce it? Do we have access to sufficient finance to develop and launch it? Acceptability How much market share could it gain? How much will we have to reorganize our activities to produce it? How much financial return will there be on our investment? Vulnerability What is the risk of it impuissance in the market place? What is the risk of us being able to produce it acceptable? How much money could we lose if things do not go as planned? Fig 5 Slack et al (2009) Some typical evaluation questions for marketing, operations and finance e-book p. 89 3. Preliminary target At this stage, the design is reviewed by the cutters and polishers to see if the can really produce the diamond and any unnecessary complexity in the diamonds design is eliminated because such complexities can build cost. For example there are some unnecessary and unnoticed cuts in a diamonds design but these cuts could irrupt the whole diamond if not done carefully. Because customers will not even notice the additional cuts and even if they do, they will not be willing to requital an addition for it so the cuts are eliminated.Figure 4 Different diamond designs (drawing). Source Figure 4 Different diamond designs. Source 4. Final Design After all the above has been done, a prototype is then created out of glass and tested to see if it meets market requirements, technical requirements and the financial limit. Tangible prototypes are created and virtual ( estimator simulations) model too to properly assess the diamond out front production goes any further. Sometimes, customers are called in to see the prototype and give their feedback from which some adjustments may be made on the products design.An after acceptance, diamond cutting commences. Figure 5 Prototype diamond made out of fine glass. Source 5 Process Design 5. 1 Definition Process design is Sequence of interdependent and linked procedures which, at every stage, consume one or more resources (employee time, energy, machines, money) to convert inputs (data, material, parts, etc. ) into outputs. These outputs then serve as inputs for the next stage until a known goal or end result is reached (www. businessdictionary. com). Read more http//www. businessdictionary. com/definition /process. tmlixzz2QTQAtoBi When deciding a product design, it is advisable to simultaneously come up with a matching process design. This will entail the flow of the process and Barnes (2008) said that the design of processes is different in all organizations and these designs will be based on the volume and variety of the demand for the product in the market. He further categorized the processes under project, jobbing, batch, line and continuous. Types of Processes There are different production processes namely project, jobbing, batch, line and continuous. See cecal appendage C.Sparkle is in a business of very expensive products which are very dainty in size so they do jobbing. Customers usually give orders which are produced by the company (make to order). They usually hold little or no fully-processed inventory. The Production Process Diamond ore is sorted by density using X-rays. Before that technology became available, grease belts were used to separate diamonds from the rest of the ore, due to the diamonds greater tendency than other minerals to stick to grease. Rough diamonds are then set to be cut as gemstones in the cutting laboratory.A diamond has different cuts and different professional specialize on different cuts. This is the most scare task of diamond production because a bad cut will cost the company a fortune. Figure 5 Diamond plan forward cutting. Source Cutting produces the facets associated with a diamond. The angles of the facets maximize uncontaminating, giving the diamond its greatest possible luster (dispersion of white light). The cutting process can take as much as 50% of a rough diamonds weight. Figure 5 Illustration of diamond facets. Source A number of factors come into play when deciding how a diamond should be cut.X-rays are employed to analyze the stones crystallographic structure, its hardness and ability to cleave. The diamonds flaws are considered, and the cutter decides which to remove and which can remain. Either a po wer hammer or a diamond saw can be used to split the diamond the hammer is quicker, but the saw is surer. Figure 5 Diamond cutting. Source A number of institutes in the diamond industry offer courses for diamond cutters, but the bulk and most crucial part of the training for this light-handed trade take place during the cutters apprenticeship.A diamond may get its final cut from numerous skilled hands the diamond marker or designer the diamond sawyer the diamond cutter or brute the cross-worker and the brillianteer. After the initial cutting, diamonds undergo the polishing stages, usually performed by a technician as the process is a standard one. Polished diamonds are reexamined for flaws, which can be addressed through enhancement techniques or disguised when set in jewelry. Figure 5 Diamond beautify. SourceFinally, the polished diamonds are sold to individuals, retailers, wholesalers and jewelry shops. Figure 5 Diamond quality check. Source 6 Planning, Control amp variation In any good type of project or manufacture to be successful, it must be planned at the very beginning and at the end, it has to be controlled to make sure that the planned processes and cost is not very different from the actual. Businesses must also continuously innovate so as to move line to line with the changing tastes of consumers and to beat numerous designs from competitors. 6. 1 PlanningEur says this about planning It lists the phases and encapsulates all the main parameters, standards and requirements of the project in term of time, cost and quality/performance by setting out the Why, What, When, Who, Where, and How, of the project. Planning therefore looks at the entire process, product and project but in an imaginary form which has not yet happened but it is wished that it should happen that way. 6. 1. 1 Advantages of Planning 1. It gives direction of what has to be done and how it has to be done. 2. It assigns responsibilities on every person thus answering Who does wh at? 3. A good plan will see line of works a project, product or process will encounter before the problem strikes. 4. A plan helps us to manage cost, quality and design side by side with the profit we will want to make on the product. 5. Plans are used to assess how well a product, process, project or person has done. 6. 1. 2 Disadvantages of Planning 1. It is usually made up by top management and given to the employees down the management ladder who just follow it. 2. Plans are usually followed to the latter. Even when some changes have to done, it is not because a plan is being followed. 3.Plans are usually just estimates and it has no use in turbulent economic environments as the plan and the actual are usually very different. 6. 2 Control Control involves measuring the actual results against the plan and then taking action to adjust actual performance so that it moves in line with the plan. So in other words, control is only possible when we have a plan. Control has a feedback phase and this involves adjusting the actual to move in line with the plan or reporting differences between actual and budget so that there may be no such discrepancies in the future. 6. 3 InnovationInnovation is defined by the oxford dictionary as changing something established by introducing new methods, ideas or products. Just like there is no control where there is no plan, there is no innovation where there is no control. They all rely on one another. After control has been done, feedback is sent back and remediatement or innovation is made. But in the complex business environment operating now, innovation just not just come from within the company but from outside the company like from competitors and especially from the consumers due to the rapid change in customers taste, design and fashion.In the diamond manufacture industry, there are many different innovative ways manufacturing diamonds and Sparkle has had the following innovations 1. The Supercut design Sparkle has int roduced the innovative supercut design into the industry a patented ideal emerald cut, with more than twice the facets of a traditional Emerald providing unparalleled brilliance and fire. The culmination of three years of research, the supercut gives extraordinary brilliance and reflection and this innovation gives Sparkle competitive advantage in terms of having good designs with extraordinary glittering. 2. Precision cuttingSince 2010, Sparkle has brought in a technology of cutting the diamonds using computer software and this cut is so exact that less than 0. 000002% waste is created from diamond cutting. Waste use to be about 0. 5% during diamond cutting and this innovation has caused drastic cost saving making Sparkle to be more competitive in terms of cost. 3. Sparkle offers a wide range of jewelry manufacturing processes, including design, modeling, prototyping, grooving, setting, finishing and meticulous quality control all featuring our own fine diamonds, and designed for clients to sell under their private labels. . 4 The Planning Control Innovation Cycle. From the above notes, it can be seen that planning, control and innovation work together. Sparkles cycle looks like this. Plan Procurement of unrefined stones. Process the stones into fine diamond. Sell and make a reasonable gain. Actual Procurement of unrefined stones. Process the stones into fine diamond. Sell and make a reasonable gain. Control Looks at the difference between what was planned and what actually happened. extraneous Information Customer specific design New tastes and fashion Design from competitorsMarket Research (RampD) Feedback and Innovation Plan Procurement of unrefined stones. Process the stones into fine diamond. Sell and make a reasonable gain. Actual Procurement of unrefined stones. Process the stones into fine diamond. Sell and make a reasonable gain. Control Looks at the difference between what was planned and what actually happened. External Information Customer spe cific design New tastes and fashion Design from competitors Market Research (RampD) Feedback and Innovation Figure 7. The planning-control-innovation cycle. 6. Changes happening in the diamond industry. * Researchers are on the verge of bringing in new materials which reflect light better than diamond and these materials are stronger and more durable than diamond. But, they will be far cheaper than diamonds and this is going to be a big problem to diamond manufacturers as the demand for diamond will surely drop. An example is synthetic stones. * In response to growing concern over illicit trade in betrothal or blood diamonds, the United Nations General Assembly established the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme in 2003.This scheme is going to make sure of the source of every single diamond so as to ensure that they are from a genuine source. This happening will increase the price of diamond because more than 55% of diamonds are from Africa and the mines there are operated by ve ry cheap labor and sometimes by slaves, women and children. The UN will come in and stop this utilisation thus increasing the cost of labor, working conditions and ultimately the price for diamonds. 7 Quality Management Quality is one of the performance objectives and it is taken very seriously by all organizations because if achieved, may give them competitive advantage.Some organizations rely on quality more than others and the fashion and health industry takes quality as primary considering the fact that people want to look good and in good health. Quality is a matter of perception so what can be called quality for A might not necessarily be called quality for B. According to Garvin (1984), the attributes in quality for a product are * Performance * Features * Reliability * Conformance * Durability * Serviceability * Aesthetics * Other perceptions Parasuraman et al. (1985), on the other hand listed 5 attributes in defining what is quality of a service? nd they are * Reliability Are we always going to get on time delivery? * Responsiveness Are the always going to respond quickly to our demands and complaints? * Assurance Are we assured of their competence? * Empathy Does the organization feel and understand customers needs and concerns? * Tangibles Is the physical surrounding conducive? 7. 1 Quality in the presidency But in relation to Sparkle, the best definition of quality is that as per Slack et al. (2009) quality is consistent conformance to customers expectation and I will say and even surpassing those expectations.Sparkle uses total quality management as their quality management technique. They look for means and ways to maintain and continuously improve quality at each stage of the production process. All employees meet once a month to discuss on how to improve the organizations present performance. Books by Deming, Crosby, Juran, Hill and other total quality management gurus are in the companys library and research department for employees to evince and be motivated to contribute into the organizations performance. All employees are made to know that quality and customers requirements being met comes before any other thing.The organization has a suggestion box where employees can write any inspiring idea that comes in mind and this box is emptied every day and read by the research staff and it is summarized and sent to the manager examine. 7. 2 The Cost of Quality Quality has a cost which is like a ambiguous sword meaning that good quality will have a cost and bad quality will also have a cost. 7. 2. 1 The Cost of Good Quality This is also known as the cost of quality self-confidence. Sparkle has a lot of this cost because they are continuously always trying to get better in quality all over the organization so as to better serve customers needs.The cost of quality assurance is further divided into prevention cost and appraisal cost. * Prevention cost is the cost of trying to make everything right on first attempt and some of this cost are * Sparkle does not give a command for precious stones and wait for the stones to come. They go to the suppliers premises and pick the stones one after the other and not in groups to ensure the best stones are taken. The supplier charges more for this. * The cost of designing the jewelry in a computer automated system and running several checks with other very expensive bespoke software before the design is confirmed. Sparkle trains its employees every 6 months and buys books to modify them on new technologies and to keep their skills up and awake. * All employees are taught a wide variety of skills so that if a certain employee is not available to do a specific thing, there will always be another to do it. * Appraisal cost is concerned with controlling quality and this is achieved by scrutiny the process before the product is manufactured and testing the product before it gets to the customer. Some of these costs are * The cost incurred in testing all equipm ent, machines and ensuring staffs are fit and able before any diamond is processed. The cost of checking the diamond after manufacture by employees and with the use of a computer help individualize software which is very expensive to make sure that the diamonds are flawless. * The time spent in testing the diamonds ensuring the pass all the set of test before and after manufacture. 7. 2. 2 The Cost of Bad Quality All organizations including Sparkle wants to evade this cost because it is very dangerous and it can even bring down the entire organization in a blink of an eye. The cost of bad quality is divied into internal misery cost and external failure cost. Internal failure cost is cost incurred before the product reaches the customer. Some of this cost are * The cost of tear apart. Diamonds are very expensive so any little scrap of badly shaped diamond is worth a whole lot. So Sparkle makes sure the best quality diamond is procured and diamond cutting should be not less than p erfect. * The cost of reshaping ill-shaped diamonds and gluing broken once. * The resources lost in repairing diamonds. Labor, machine time, and electricity are used which should have if the diamonds were made right the first time. External failure cost arises after the product has been received by the customer and some of this cost include * The cost listening to customer complaints and responding to them. * The cost of replenishment a defective diamond which a customer has rejected. This can cause the organization a fortune. * The customer might have to take the company to courtyard and the organization will pay a huge sum if the lost the lawsuit. Some compensation may run to millions of pounds and could bring the organization to its end. * One of the most dangerous costs is that which we dont see.An example is the lost sale and contribution. When a customer is dissatisfied, he will most at times not want to come back and he will discourage a potential customer who will discoura ge another customer to come to us. facial expression all this, quality should be treated like an egg in the midst of rocks. 8 fork out Chain Management 8. 1 Definition Supply Chain is the management of the interconnection of organizations that relate to each other through upstream and downstream linkages between the processes that produce value to the ultimate consumer in the form of products and services (Slack et al. 2010). A supply range of a function is a holistic network starting from the sourcing of material, through its transportation to the organizations premises, to manufacturing, to storage and warehousing and at long last to consumers. So it is a whole system and it works as one therefore is one part of the chain is broken, the whole system will fall apart and consumers will not be satisfied. 8. 2 Sparkles Supple Chain Stage 1 Sparkles supply chain starts from the diamond mines in Africa which produce more than 50% of total diamonds to mines in India, Russia, Canada a nd Australia.The mines usually dug very deep but the deepest diamond mine runs for about 160km passing through sand, rocks, and gravel to be blasted drilled, crushed and processed. It should be noted that only 20% of diamonds from mines can be polised and used for jewelry the rest is used for industrial use. The stones picked here are very rough still with no beauty (see compute 10). Stage 2 Companies and independent buyers go to these mines and buy the rough stones from the mine owners and take them to their premises for processing.These stones are then processed to make them a little bit more presentable so that diamond manufacturers can then buy them and further process them into diamonds. Diamonds at this stage looks like that in figure 11. Figure 8 Trapping stones to look for diamonds in an African mine. Source Figure 9 A typical unprocessed diamond. Source Figure 10 Unprocessed diamonds directly from the mine. Source Figure 11 Diamonds which have been slightly processed. Sour ce Stage 3 Sparkle buys the diamonds in fig. 11 and examines them with the use of a computer aided personalized software.After a series of checks, rejected diamonds will be sent back to the suppliers and the good ones will be cut into different shapes so as to give the greatest value. After cutting, the diamond goes through computer aided software to confirm its perfection and after this, it is polished and cleaned. Sparkle will also buy what the diamonds are going to be fitted on because people will scarcely buy a chunk of diamond. Diamonds are usually fitted on rings, pens, earrings, belts and many more (see figure 14). These things are usually bought from top manufacturers with good design and quality and they are usually very expensive.Figure12 Diamond cutting in Sparkle. Source Figure 13 Diamond polishing in Sparkle Source Stage 4 After polishing and the diamond have an unblemished shine, shape and color, it is then taken by the customers. Some of the customers ordered just a f ew and sometimes even just one special diamond while other big customers like jewelry shops order bigger quantities at ones. It is either Sparkle delivers the diamond to the place agreed by the customer or the customer comes to the organizations site on an agreed date and after a phone call to pick up the diamond. The supply chain ends after the diamond has reached the customer.Figure 14 Finished diamond ready for the customer. Source Figure 15 Diamonds bought by jewelry shops. Source The Mine The Cutting Company Polishing Customers Jewelry Shops Manufacturing The Mine The Cutting Company Polishing Customers Jewelry Shops Manufacturing The supply chain of Sparkle is a good and effective. Its success can sometimes be attributed to the information technology they use. They use the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system which brings in data from all sources and this is used to know when suppliers have diamonds and the variouse categories, to know when jewelry shops are running short of iamonds, and many more (all discussed in chapter 9). Figure 16 Sparkles Supply Chain 9 Information Systems As seen in chapter 1, Operation Management is the activity of managing the resources which produce and deliver goods and services (Slack et al, 2010). For these activities to be properly managed, it needs the help of automated process and computer aided techniques. Information systems are found throughout an organization and if used well reduce costs and can be a source of gaining competitive advantage. 9. 1 Computer Aided Techniques Sparkle uses information systems in many ways in its business.Listed below are some specialized computer aided programs used. 1. They use Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) which gives an optimum layout of the cutting steps and their sequence (this is different for different diamonds). There are many diamond cutting machines and they all have different cutting styles and they are operated by specialist in the different cutting sectors. So t he CAPP examines a diamond and gives different possible steps on which machine to use first and which not to use so as to minimize waste and give the diamond the best possible cuts so as reflect light in an optimal way. 2.They use Computer Aided Designs ( hotdog) to design the shape of diamonds on a computer and finished diamonds can actually be seen even before processing starts. If an error is made in the design, it can be corrected but this could have been impractical without CAD. 3. The also use Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) which takes the drawings and designs from the CAD and test them for perfection. Different test are administered and the flawlessness of a diamond can be confirmed even before manufacture. 4. Automated Material Handling (AMH) system is also used. Diamonds are very expensive and so care must be taken at each step.The AMH system improves efficiency in diamond movement, storage and retrieval. 5. The Laser Security System (LSS) is used where diamonds are kept be it rough stones, semi-processed diamonds and fully processed diamonds. Invisible laser rays crisscross the diamonds and it needs a war cry to be deactivated. Only top managers have the password and the password of each of them is different making it easy to know who accessed the diamond safe. If someone tries to pass through the laser rays, it can kill or paralyse them and the security alarm is automatically triggered and an automated call goes to the nearest police station. . Security Camera Systems (SCS) make use of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) at all times to monitor the whole building especially where inventory is held. 7. The Inventory Control System (ICS) gives detail information about each diamond rough, semi-processed or fully processed held in inventory at any point in time. Management must no go into the safe to see what they have in stock because the ICS does it all. This system is also used online to make customers see the diamonds, its specification and all oth er relevant information. Figure 16 The CAD system used to design a blue diamond.Source Figure 17 The virtual version of the diamond in fig 16. Source 9. 2 Pros and Cons of Information Technology (IT) IT is a very necessary tool in any organization be it a big or a small one. IT has advantages and disadvantages. They are listed in Appendix D including Why IT cannot replace Human Beings. 9. 3 Information Systems Information system can be defined as a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization (Laundon amp Laundon, 2006). Most organizations use some form of computer-based technology to accumulate, organize and distribute information (Ted, 2011) and Sparkle is not an exception. They use a set of interrelated information systems. 9. 3. 1 dealings Processing System (TPS) This system is used to account for day by day transactions of Sparkle. It records all sales, purchases, expenses, inco me, tax, bills paid, equipment bought and all other transactions performed by organization. This system is also used to account for employees attendance, absences, pay, overtime, bonuses, remuneration, and all other things concerning the employees. . 3. 2 Supply Chain System (SCS) This system deals with customers and suppliers. It monitors the stock in the jewelry shops so as to know when to give the shops an offer. It monitors the stocks which are demanded more and those demanded less so as to know when to produce. It tracks frequent and valuable customers and grades them into groups so as know how to give discounts. This system also monitors the stock in the cutting companies. It looks at the new stocks and compares price side by side quality so as to know which supplier to order rough diamonds from. 9. 3. 3 Knowledge Management System (KMS)In Sparkle, all manufacturing processes are recorded and stored in the KMS. Any ideas gotten either by inspiration, customers requirement, em ployees suggestions or business intelligence are stored in the KMS for future use. Sparkle is said to be very innovative and has this edge over its rivals because of its mastery of the KMS. When a new employees is recruited, he has 2 weeks probation where he is taught how to operate in the organization and how processes function. Before the implementation and use of the KMS, probation was 3 months so this system has greatly reduces l sack uping time. 9. 3. Management Information System (MIS) This system takes all the information from the above systems and summarizes them into financial statements and reports. It is used by management to make decisions on how to run and control the business. 9. 3. 5 Decision Support System (DSS) This system looks like an advance of the MIS. It takes data from all sources (internal and external) and summarizes them for top management to make decisions on the long term plans of the organization. Information from this system appears as statements, repor ts, charts, graphs, ratios, statistics and trend analysis. . 3. 6 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) This can be called the overall system. It takes information from all sources of the organization and brings them together in one large database. From there, compulsory information is taken out and implemented or used to make decisions in Sparkle. It should be noted that all other systems deposit their information in ERP. Figure 18 Example of ERP. Source LSBF MBA Intake 14, SOM Lecture 3, Session 9, Slide 34. 9. 6 Intranet and Extranet Sparkle uses intranets to deal with its employees and management.Staffs all have a particular passcode which the use and your code depends on your position within the company. Some passcodes can access some areas which other codes cant. They also use extranets to communicate and share information with customers, suppliers, some competitors and the government. This system is more secured and less vulnerable to attacks as compared to the internet. 10 ai r Design It is said that the blood stream of any organization is money and I will say the skeleton holding an organization and making it stand up straight is its workforce.An organization manages resources so as to be able to deliver acceptable goods and services to its customers and one of these resources is its workforce. An organizations workforce is its most valuable and the most complicated of all its resources because unlike other resources, humans have a mind of their own. To be able to deal with human beings, you must know what they like and this is different for different people but these needs though different are similar. In providing this, it motivates the employees and when motivated, they produce better output lastly yielding higher profits, quality and flexibility. 0. 1 Motivation Motivation is the urge to take action to achieve something or to avoid something (BPP, 2010). Motivation can either be intrinsic (wanting to satisfy an internal urge like being happy to be a ble to help others) or extrinsic (reliant on tactual rewards like money, fame and power). Continues in Appendix E. 10. 2 Empowerment This is the act of delegating work to employees making them feel more superior because of the added responsibility and new accountability. This is good motivation for many employees. origin design is about how people bestow out their tasks within a process.It defines the way they go about their working lives. It positions the expectations of what is required of them, and it influences their perceptions of how they contribute to the organization. It also defines their activities in relation to their work colleagues and it channels the flows of communication between different parts of the operation. But, of most importance, it helps to develop the culture of the organization its divided up values, beliefs and assumptions (Slack, 2009). In designing any job, the following have to be put into consideration. * Safety. mulls should be design in a way tha t it will bring no harm to the employee be it physical, psychological, mental or emotional harm. Workers in the mines especially those in Africa are exposed to a lot of risk and still earn less than the minimum wage. The mine owners wanting to make more profits cut down on cost by reducing expenditure on employees safety. The employees of Sparkle all have safety equipment like hats and new ideas are being implemented to make the process safer. The organization has also fully see to it its entire staff. * Legal and Ethical Issues.Jobs should be design in such a manner that those doing the job will not go against the law or their code of ethics. * Own time. Job design should create time for the employees to catch up on something other than work. For example visiting new places, being with their families or performing other social activities. Employees working in the mines have little of this, but Sparkles employees all have right to a paid holiday and taking permission to be out of w ork if the need arises. * Employees Ability. An employees ability to do the job or a range of task should be considered before designing the job.For example only heavy built men carry cargo from the trucks into the warehouse because of their physical ability to carry heavy weight unlike their colleagues. * Wage and Benefits In designing any job, the wage and benefits to be paid for the job should be considered if not the employee can be over-paid or under-paid for the job. 10. 3 Division of Labor Unlike traditional production approaches that stipulated that one person should know everything in the company so that he can serve any function, Henry Ford came in with the idea that one man should only know one thing and should be an expert in that thing.He suggested that with specializing in a particular function, the whole organization will be specialized and will give the best quality goods and services. So jobs should be broken down into smaller portions and given to different individ uals who will specialize and bring forth quality cost-effective products. 10. 3. 1 Advantages of Division of Labor (Slack, 2009) * It is easier to learn. dead and simple tasks are easier to learn compared with long and complex tasks. This will be very advantageous when training new recruits because training will take a shorter time and it will be better mastered. Automating. Short and simple task are easily automated as compared to long and complex task. * Time. More time is spent on one long task compare to time if that task was broken down. This extra time is as a result of weft different tools up and putting them down, looking for equipment, thinking of what to do next etc. 10. 3. 2 Disadvantages of Division of Labor (Slack, 2009) * Monotony. The same small task will be repeated every hour, week, month and year. This will make the job boring and less fulfilling thus resulting to listlesseeism, staff turnover and errors. Over-reliance. If one employee is absent, no other will b e able to perform his duty and this may bring the whole production process to a halt. * No flexibility. Employees let to do one particular thing over the years turn to lose the skill of being able to learn another thing. So if the production process was to change, many employees will not be able to cope with learning how to perform a new task. * Physical Injury. The repetitive use of one part of your body lets say arm or wrist will in the long run cause pain to that part. This is known as insistent Strain Injury (RSI).Sparkle teaches their employees a wide range of task during their probation but the employees are assigned to do just one thing when they fully start work. Teaching them a wide range of task is to expose them to the processes of the whole organization so that they can contribute ideas in the development of a department or process which does not involve them. Another reason for giving employees holistic training is to make an employee being able to do an absent employe es work. This tactic was also implemented because the organization did not want an employee to feel indispensable. 0. 4 Job Design Approaches In coming out with a good job designing, the following approaches should be implemented- 1. Job Simplification The organization tries to the range of task and their complexities. Polishing diamond use to be a very complex task at Sparkle but with the introduction of DiamondShines TM a specialized software where diamond polishing is programmed with exact details. 2. Job Rotation This is periodically interchanging employees performing different task to do the task of the other.Sparkle does a lot of job rotation and this makes the employees job more exciting. Job rotation is successful in this organization because they train their employees to perform a number of task but if division of labor was strictly implemented, this approach could have been impossible because employee A will not have a clue of employees Bs task. 3. Job Enlargement This inv olves integrating same level tasks to the ones already performed by the employees to make the job more exciting. This is not practiced in Sparkle. 4.Job Enrichment This involves integrating different level tasks to the ones performed by the employees. The new tasks are usually higher level tasks giving employees more responsibility and decision making power. Sparkle once a week picks an employee randomly and gives him the power of a supervisory manager so as to see the changes and innovations he is going to bring to the organization. Sparkle also makes employees work in small teams and the organization creates a competitive strain amongst the teams. The competition amongst the teams brings a lot of hard work, efficiency and effectiveness.